Unit 3 Chem 2

Amines

Functional group containing nitrogen atoms; primary, secondary, teritiary; basic, and polar forming hydrogen bonds

Alcohols

R-OH; suffix of -ol, hydroxyl; properties of both water and R group, larger R group properties more reflect R group

Ethers

formula R-O-R where R is an alkyl group or an aromatic ring; slightly polar molecules; water solubility similar to alcohols w/ similar mass; melting point similar to alkynes w/ similar mass; name by just adding ether to end

Carbonyl Group

Carbon atom double bonded to oxygen atom

Aldehydes

carbonyl group w/ 1 R group and 1 H atom; add suffix -al

Ketones

carbonyl group bonded to 2 R groups; add -one to ending; similar to ethers in water solubility

Carboxylic Acid

carbonyl w/ R group and -OH; organic compound that are weak acid proton donors; add -oic acid; always first, highest priority;

Esters

carboxylic acid w/ OR’ instead of OH; hydrogen bonding; weak acid proton donor; formed by condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol; named w/ group attached to O first, then acid part w/ -oate

Amides

carboxylic acid w/ amine instead of -OH; forms hydrogen bonds; formed by condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and amines; named by replacing -oic acid w/ -amide

Condensation Reaction

two molecules combine to form 1 larger molecule & a smaller molecule is formed (usually water)

Electrophilic Addition

reaction where atoms are added to regions of high electron density

Hydrohalogenation Reaction

used to convert alkenes and alkynes into alkanes by adding either H2 molecules or halides

Nucleophilic Substitution

breakage in weak C-X(halide) bond where both electrons go w/ halide

Elimination Reaction

halogen and neighboring hydrogen removed by a base