Pharma 1 Lec Midterms history

Earliest compilation of drugs, which was written by Emperor Shengnung in about 2,700 B.C.​ (Oriental)

Pen Tsao

Pen Tsao is earliest compilation of drugs, which was written by ______ in about 2,700 B.C.​ (Oriental)

Emperor Shengnung

Describe penalties for malpractices of practitioner

Code of Hammurabi

Oldest record of Egyptian drugs​

Kahun papyrus

Completion of disease conditions and prescriptions​

Ebers papyrus

Assembled the library of clay tablets in Sumeria

Ashurbanipal

• Greatest teacher of medicine ​

• “Father of Medicine”​

Hippocrates

Concept of the healing power of nature

Vis medicatrix nature

Formed the scientific basis of medicine

Aristotle

Systemically classifies medicinal plants​

Theophrastus

Established the modern scientific method of naming plants of animals

Carolus Linnaeus

Complied the 1st materia medica​ (old/obsolete subject of pharmacology)

Dioscorides

Deals with physiology and material medica ​

Galen

• Complied a treatise that included prescriptions for farm animals ​

• “Father of Veterinary Medicine”

Publius Vegetius

________ are the first veterinarians (a craftsman who trims and shoes horses' hooves)

Farriers

Classified drugs and poison

Geber Ibn Hjar

Compiled the 1st pharmacopeia (a book that contains all the names of drugs)​

Valerius cordus

• Discovered the circulation of blood and indicated that drug were distributed to various parts of the body by this means​

• “Father of Angiology”

William Harvey

1630, make the 1st I.V. injection of drugs into a dog

Christopher Wren

1850, devised the 1st hypodermic needle and syringe

Alexander Wood

Introduced the clinical use of opium or laudanum ​(first drug; narcotic - numbs or paralyzes)

Theoprastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim or Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus​

Isolated the narcotic substance of opium and called it morphine after Morpheus​ (God of Dreams); Hypnos/Somnus (God of Sleep)

Fredrich Serturner

Discovered the vaccine against small Pox​

Edward Jenner

Established the foundation for modern pharmacology (drug action, D-R. relationship, drug disposition)​

Francois Magendie

Observed the use of foxglove in the Tx of dropsy​ (Ascites - Enlargement of the stomach filled with fluid in the abdomen)

William Withering

Showed the active ingredient of foxglove (for anasarca edema) called digitalis​

Claude Bernard

• Established the 1st independent laboratory devoted exclusively to the study of pharmacology​

• “Father of Pharmacology”​

Rudolph Buchheim

• “Father of Pharmacology in U.S”​

• Isolated adrenalin   ​

John Abel

• 1910, reported the synthesis of arsphenamine which in an 

  • Anti-syphilitic drug​ (STD)

  • Anti- trypanosomal drug​ (blood parasite)

  • 1st antibacterial drug processing specific for invading pathogens​

•  “Father of Chemotherapy”​

Paul Ehrlich

1928, isolated penicillin (first antibiotic)

Alexander Fleming

1935, isolated sulfonamides​

Gerhard Domagk

Isolated estrone from female urine​

Doisy and Butenandt

Isolated aldosterone from male urine​

Butenandt

Discovered the steroid structure of progesterone ​

Slotta

Isolated Thyroxine​ (Thyroid Gland)

Kendall

Established the chemical structure of thyroxine

Harrington

1922, isolated and purify insulin​

Bantiong & best

Antiseptic effect of chlorine in the effect of chlorine in the form of chlorinated lime​ (first disinfectant used to kill microbes)

Ignaz Semmelweis

• Use antiseptic in the field of surgery, use carbolic lotion​

Joseph Lisiter

Synthersized barbituric acid​ (anesthetic)

Adolph von Baeyer

Introduced the use of aspirin​ (analgesic)

Felix Hoffman