Chapter 38: Parenteral Replacement of Fluids and Electrolytes

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding parenteral replacement of fluids and electrolytes, types of IV solutions, indications for use, and complications associated with IV therapy.

Parenteral Replacement

Administering fluids and electrolytes through routes other than the alimentary canal.

Intravenous (IV) Therapy

Administering fluids, electrolytes, medications, or nutrients via the venous route.

Isotonic IV Fluids

Fluids with concentration equal to body fluids that remain in the intravascular compartment.

Hypotonic IV Fluids

Fluids with lower concentration than body fluids that cause cells to swell by pulling water from the blood.

Hypertonic IV Fluids

Fluids with a higher concentration than body fluids that cause cells to shrink by pulling water into the intravascular space.

Infiltration

When nonvesicant IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue due to improper placement or dislodgment of the catheter.

Extravasation

Leaking of vesicant drugs into surrounding tissue causing severe damage, potentially leading to necrosis.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein that can occur at an IV site, potentially due to irritation or infection.

Fluid Volume Excess

Condition where excessive IV fluid administration leads to circulatory overload and potential pulmonary edema.

Air Embolism

Condition caused by a large volume of air entering the vascular system, potentially leading to severe symptoms and complications.

Blood Groups

Classification based on the presence of antigens on red blood cells, determining compatibility for transfusion.

Transfusion Reaction

Adverse reactions occurring during blood transfusions, which can range from allergic to hemolytic reactions.