Individual Variations

Personality

the combination of qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character

Id

impulsive and primal

Ego

reasonable and rational

Superego

morally righteous, following strict rules

Defense Mechanisms

ways people cope with bad experiences (denial, displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, and sublimation)

Trait Theory

suggests that people have certain basic traits and it is the strength and intensity of those traits that account for personality differences

Social Cognitive Theory

emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments

Mental Representation

information-containing, physically-realized structures in the mind that allow us to perceive, make sense of, process, understand, and recall all stimuli

Mental health

a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being

Mental illness

health conditions involving negative changes in emotion, thinking or behavior

Psychopathology

the scientific study of mental illnesses or disorders

Core abnormal indicators

behavioral and physical changes

Insanity

mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior (legal term, not psychopathic)

Anxiety disorder

a persistent feeling of anxiety or dread, which can interfere with daily life

Eating disorders

most often develop in adolescence and young adulthood. Several, especially anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are more common in women, but they can all occur at any age and affect any gender

Schizophrenia symptoms

a range of problems with thinking (cognition), behavior and emotions. Signs and symptoms may vary, but usually involve delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech, and reflect an impaired ability to function

Depression types

seasonal affective disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, major depression, persistent depression disorder, postpartum depression, dysthymia, atypical depression

Bipolar Mood Disorder

a mental illness that severely impacts a person's ability to regulate their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others

ADHD treatments

behaviors therapy, medication, counseling, social skills training

Dissociative disorder cause

overwhelming experiences, traumatic events and/or abuse that occurred in childhood

Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms

Being easily startled or frightened. Always being on guard for danger. Self-destructive behavior, such as drinking too much or driving too fast. Trouble sleeping. Trouble concentrating. Irritability, angry outbursts or aggressive behavior. Overwhelming guilt or shame

Stigma

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person

James-Lange Theory

bodily changes come first and form the basis of an emotional experience. Thus, emotions are caused by bodily sensations (you become happier when you smile. You are afraid because you run)

Cannon-Bard Theory

stimulating events trigger feelings and physical reactions that occur at the same time. For example, seeing a snake might prompt both the feeling of fear (an emotional response) and a racing heartbeat (a physical reaction)

Two-Factor Theory

focuses on the interaction between physical arousal and how we cognitively label that arousal. In other words, simply feeling arousal is not enough; we also must identify the arousal in order to feel the emotion

Universally understood nonverbal expression

conveying information without using words that is understood around the globe

Essay: Explain how personalities, mental health, and emotion influence
behavior and health and wellness

for each (personality, mental health, emotion) define it and explain how they connect to behavior and health & wellness