Lab final; echinodermata and chordata

Phylum Echinodermata

Spiny skin”

•Triploblastic, deuterostomes

•(Penta-) radial symmetry

•Oral and aboral axis

•All marine and sedentary

•CaCO3 endoskeleton

surrounded by skin

-Madreporite for water

intake

•Water-vascular system for

locomotion/prey capture

•Tube feet

madreportie

sieve like structure where the water vascular system opens out to

water vascular system

A system of fluid-filled tubes in an echinoderm's body.

tube feet

branches of water vascular system that function in locomotion, feeding and respiration

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Asteroidea

"Star like"

•Sea stars; star-shaped with

broad arms

•Tube feet with suckers for

movement

•Anus and madreporite on

aboral surface

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Ophiuroidea

"Snake tail"

•Brittle stars; long, slender

arms

•Tube feet lack suckers, not

used for movement

•Madreporite on oral surface

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Echinoidea

"Spiny"

•Sand dollars and sea urchins

•Spherical or disc-shaped; no

arms

•Compact endoskeleton (test)

•Tube feet with suckers

•Aristotle's lantern

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Holothuroidea

"Violent expulsion"

•Sea cucumbers

•Soft, cylindrical body with no

arms or spines

•Internal madreporite

•Respiratory tree

•Tube feet w/ suckers

Phylum Chordata

Four defining characteristics:

•Notochord

•Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

•Pharyngeal gill slits

•Post-anal tail

•All representatives have a

closed circulatory system

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets (amphioxus)

•Benthic, marine, filter

feeders

•Feed similarly to tunicates

Phylum Chordata Sublphylum Tunicata

Tunicates (sea squirts)

•Sessile, marine, filter

feeders

•Hard tunic made of

cellulose

•Water pumped into pharynx

and trapped in gill slits

Subphylum Vertebrata

Clade Craniata

•Cranium - a skull

surrounding the brain

•Endoskeleton (cartilage

or bone), including

vertebrae

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Agnatha

•Lampreys and hagfish

•Jawless fish

•Funnel-shaped mouth lined

with keratinized "teeth" and

protrusible tongue

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, class Chondrichthyes

•"Cartilage fish"

•Sharks, rays, skates

•Cartilaginous skeleton

Phylum Chordata, subphylum vertebrata, class actinopterygii

•"Having ray fins"

•Ray-finned fishes

•Skeleton of endochondral

bone

•Scales of dermal origin

•Webbing between bony fin

rays

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Amphibia

•"Double life"

•Frogs, salamanders

•Typically have a larval form

•No covering on skin, but

mucous and toxic glands

•Lungs and limbs present

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Reptilia

•"Creeping"

•Snakes, lizards, turtles,

birds, tuatara, crocodilians

•Skin covered with structures

of epidermal origin

•No larval stage

•Complex nervous system

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Mammalia

•Endothermic with insulation

of hair (epidermal covering

of skin)

•Mammary and sweat glands

•Biconcave erythrocytes

•Largest relative brain

size/complexity