ap world unit 3

What were Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?

Christian boys taken by the Ottoman Empire, converted to Islam, and trained as elite soldiers loyal to the sultan.

What does 'continuity' mean in historical context?

Something that stays the same over time, even when other things change.

What was the Ottoman Empire known for?

A Muslim empire in Turkey and Southeast Europe known for its strong army and use of gunpowder.

What was the Safavid Empire?

A Shia Muslim empire in Persia (Iran) that often conflicted with the Sunni Ottomans.

What was the Mughal Empire?

A Muslim empire in India that ruled over a mostly Hindu population and built the Taj Mahal.

What was the Qing Dynasty?

A Chinese empire ruled by the Manchus that expanded China's borders.

How did the Russian Empire grow?

It grew from Moscow, adopted European ideas, and expanded eastward.

What characterized Tokugawa Japan?

A unified Japan under strict social order and isolationist policies.

What is centralization in governance?

The process of consolidating power under a central authority.

What is bureaucracy?

A system of government with many departments and officials.

What is tax collection?

Methods used by governments to collect money from people.

What are military elites?

Special soldiers loyal to the ruler, like the Janissaries.

What is gunpowder used for?

Used in weapons like guns and cannons to conquer land.

What is religious tolerance?

Allowing different religions to be practiced.

What is religious conflict?

Fighting between different religious groups.

What is divine right?

The belief that rulers are chosen by God.

What are religious buildings?

Large structures built to show power and faith, like the Taj Mahal.

What does architecture represent?

Fancy buildings that show wealth and power.

What is court life?

The luxurious lifestyle of rulers, including clothes and ceremonies.

What is art patronage?

Rulers paying for art to enhance their image.

What does expansion refer to in empires?

Conquering land to grow the empire.

What are wars in historical context?

Fighting over land or religion.

What is trade?

Selling and buying goods between regions.

What does 'describe' mean in an academic context?

Say what something is.

What does 'explain' mean?

Say why it matters.

What does 'compare' entail?

Show how things are the same or different.

What is cause and effect?

What happened and why.