ap world unit 3

Janissaries: Christian boys taken by the Ottoman Empire, converted to Islam, and trained as elite soldiers loyal to the sultan.

Continuity: Something that stays the same over time, even when other things change.

Ottoman Empire: A Muslim empire in Turkey and Southeast Europe known for its strong army and use of gunpowder.

Safavid Empire: A Shia Muslim empire in Persia (Iran) that often conflicted with the Sunni Ottomans.

Mughal Empire: A Muslim empire in India that ruled over a mostly Hindu population and built the Taj Mahal.

Qing Dynasty: A Chinese empire ruled by the Manchus that expanded China's borders.

Russian Empire: An empire that grew from Moscow, adopted European ideas, and expanded eastward.

Tokugawa Japan: A unified Japan under strict social order and isolationist policies.

Centralization: The process of consolidating power under a central authority.

Bureaucracy: A system of government with many departments and officials.

Tax Collection: Methods used by governments to collect money from people.

Military Elites: Special soldiers loyal to the ruler, like the Janissaries.

Gunpowder: Used in weapons like guns and cannons to conquer land.

Religious Tolerance: Allowing different religions to be practiced.

Religious Conflict: Fighting between different religious groups.

Divine Right: The belief that rulers are chosen by God.

Religious Buildings: Large structures built to show power and faith, like the Taj Mahal.

Architecture: Fancy buildings that show wealth and power.

Court Life: The luxurious lifestyle of rulers, including clothes and ceremonies.

Art Patronage: Rulers paying for art to enhance their image.

Expansion: Conquering land to grow the empire.

Wars: Fighting over land or religion.

Trade: Selling and buying goods between regions.

Describe: Say what something is.

Explain: Say why it matters.

Compare: Show how things are the same or different.

Cause and Effect: What happened and why.