Med Term Ch. 9

oro, stomato

mouth - begins preparation of food for digestion

odonti

teeth - used for biting, tearing, and chewing in mechanical digestion

pharyngo

pharynx - transports food from the mouth to the esophagus

esophago

esophagus - transports food from the pharynx to the stomach

gastro

stomach - breaks down food and mixes it with gastric juices

entero

small intestine - mixes chyme coming from the stomach with digestive juices to complete the digestion and absorption of most nutrients

colo, colono

large intestine - absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for elimination

ano, procto, recto

rectum and anus - controls the excretion of solid waste

hepato

liver - secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the digestion of fats

cholecysto

gallbladder - stores bile and releases it into the small intestine as needed

pancreato

pancreas - secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed

gastrointestinal tract

the digestive system consists primarily of the __. these organs also work in cooperation with accessory organs

upper gi tract

the __ consists of the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, and stomach. This transports food from entry into the body until digestion begins in the stomach.

lower GI tract

the __, which is sometimes referred to as the bowels, is made up of the small and large intestines (sometimes called the small and large bowels) plus the rectum and anus. Here digestion is completed and waste material is prepared for expulsion from the body.

accessory organs

The __ of the digestive system are the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

oral cavity

The major structures of the __ are the lips, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium

labia

The lips, which are also known as the __, surround the opening to the oral cavity

palate

the __, which forms the roof of the mouth, consists of three major parts: hard, soft, and uvula

hard palate

the ___ is the anterior portion of the palate. This area is covered with specialized mucous membrane.

soft palate

the __ is the flexible posterior portion of the palate. During swallowing, it has the important role of closing off the nasal passage to prevent food and liquid from moving upward into the nasal cavity.

uvula

the __ is the third part, and it hangs from the free edge of the soft palate. During swallowing, it moves upward with the soft palate. It also plays an important role in snoring and in the formation of some speech sounds.

dorsum

The upper surface of the tongue is the __. This surface has a tough protective covering and in some areas, small bumps known as papillae

papillae

The upper surface of the tongue is the dorsum. This surface has a tough protective covering and in some areas, small bumps known as __

taste buds

the tongue’s papillae contain __, which are the sensory receptors for the sense of taste.

sublingual surface

The __ of the tongue and the tissues that lie under the tongue are covered with delicate highly vascular tissues. Sublingual means under the tongue.

lingual frenum

the __ is a band of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This limits the motion of the tongue.

periodontium

the term __ describes the structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth. This consists of the bone of the dental arches and the soft tissues that surround and support the teeth.

masticatory mucosa

the gingiva is also known as __ or the gums

gingiva

the __, also known as masticatory mucosa or the gums, is the specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds the neck of the teeth

sulcus

the __ is an area of space between a tooth and the surrounding gingiva (plural sulci). A buildup of food debris and bacteria in the sulcus can lead to infection.

dental arches

The __ are the bony structures of the oral cavity. These [//] hold the teeth firmly in position to facilitate chewing and speaking.

maxillary arch

the __ is commonly known as the upper jaw and consists of bones of the lower surface of the skull. This arch does not move.

mandibular arch

the __, commonly known as the lower jaw, is a separate bone and is the only movable component of the joint.

temporomandibular joint

the __ is formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together.

dentition

refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws. it consists of four types of teeth- incisors and canines [also known as cuspids] and bicuspids and molars [also known as premolars]

incisors, canines

__ and _ , also known as cuspids, are used for biting and tearing.

bicuspids, molars

premolars, also known as __ and _, are used for chewing and grinding

primary dentition

the __ is also known as the baby teeth. . These 20 teeth erupt during early childhood, are normally lost in late childhood, and are replaced by the permanent teeth. The primary dentition consists of eight incisors, four canines, and eight molars but no premolars.

permanent dentition

the __ consists of 32 teeth designed to last a lifetime. Of these teeth, 20 replace primary teeth and 12 erupt at the back of the mouth. The permanent dentition includes 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars. The third molars, which are the last to erupt, are also known as wisdom teeth.

occlusion

the term __, as used in dentistry, describes any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth.

crown, enamel

The __ is the portion of a tooth that is visible in the mouth. It is covered with __, which is the hardest substance in the body

roots, cementum

The __ of the tooth hold it securely in place within the dental arch. these are protected by __. This substance is hard, but it is not as strong as enamel.

cervix

The __, also known as the neck of the tooth, is where the crown and root meet.

dentin

__makes up the bulk of the tooth. The portion that is above the gum line is covered with enamel. The root area is covered with cementum.

pulp cavity

The __ is the area within the crown and roots of the tooth that is surrounded by the dentin to protect the delicate pulp of the tooth.

root canals

In the tooth’s roots, the pulp continues in the space known as the __.

pulp

The tooth’s __ itself consists of a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and innervation to the tooth.

saliva

__ is a colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth. It helps maintain the health of the teeth, and it begins the digestive process by lubricating food during chewing and swallowing (mechanical digestion).

amylase

Saliva also contains the digestive enzyme __ and is the first step in chemical digestion.

salivary glands

the three pairs of __ secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth. these are the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular

parotid salivary glands

the __ are located on the face, slightly in front of each ear. The ducts for these glands are on the inside of the cheek near the upper molars.

sublingual salivary glands

the __ and their ducts are located on the floor of the mouth under the tongue.

sublingual salivary glands

the __ and their ducts are located on the floor of the mouth near the mandible.

pharynx

the __ is the common passageway for both respiration and digestion,

deglutition

The pharynx plays an important role in __, which is commonly known as swallowing.

epiglottis

the __ is a lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing.

esophagus

the __ is the muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach

cardiac sphincter

the lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the ___

lower esophageal sphincter

the __, also known as the cardiac sphincter, is a muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach. During swallowing, it relaxes to allow food to enter the stomach