psych 305 final quiz

Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the

Daytime

A diurnal animal will likely feed during the

Daytime

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

Zeitgeiber

Destruction of the SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus) _______________ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion

Abolishes

Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight

Melatonin

REM sleep is normally preceded by stage _____ sleep

2

Slow, large

amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in ________________ sleep

The large proportion of _________________ sleep seen in infancy suggests it is necessary for nervous system maturation

REM

Prolonged sleep deprivation (around 8 days) can lead to all of the following, except

A strengthened immune system

Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of

Improving long term retention

Much of the research on emotion indicates that each of the three responses to emotional stimuli—the perception, the experience, and the expression of the emotion

Influences the eachother / other two

The James Lange theory of emotions argued that emotions are the

Perception of bodily changes provoked by particular stimuli

According to the Cannon Bard theory of emotions, emotional experience and autonomic response

occur simultaneously and independently

According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by

Cultural conditioning

cross cultural observations of facial expressions are

subject to culture-specific display rules

The theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experience is called the _______ hypothesis

Facial feedback

Patients with damage to the amygdala do poorly at interpreting ___ expressions

Fear

_______ aggression is observed in most vertebrates, often involving competition over mating opportunities, while _______ aggression often occurs among individuals caring for young

Intermale; maternal

Which neurotransmitter has been especially implicated in the control of aggression

Serotonin

Hans Selye labeled the initial response to stress is the

Alarm reaction

The discovery of the relationship between syphilis and paralytic dementia revealed that

mental disorders have a physiological cause

Which response is a positive symptom of schizophrenia

Hallucinations

Family studies of schizophrenia reveal that Schizophrenia is more evident among…

first-degree relatives of affected individuals (parents, siblings, children) than in the general population

A common movement disorder caused by traditional neuroleptics is called

Tardive dyskinesia

According to the dopamine hypothesis, schizophrenia is caused by a(n) _______ of dopamine release or a(n) _______ of dopamine receptors

Increase, increase

Long-term treatment with Ldopa to control the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease has been associated with the development of…

Schizophrenia-like symptoms

Compared with the data from controls, PET scans of patients with depression show

Increases in blood flow in the frontal cortex and amygdala

Research has shown that if a suicidal person is prevented from committing suicide they will

Be unlikely to ever try it again

The monoamine hypothesis of depression proposes that depression is a result of…

too little stimulation at monoamine synapses

Which of the following most accurately states the role of heredity in depression

Increased susceptibility for depression can be inherited, though no single gene is responsible for the disorder

Attention in which the focus coincides with the individual’s sensory orientation is called

Overt attention

One’s enhanced perception of a particular conversation in a crowded room is referred to as

The cocktail party effect

A viewer closely focused on a complex task may miss other nonattended stimuli due to an attentional phenomenon called

Inattentional blindness

Which form of attentional processing accounts for the difficulty of reporting content in an unattended ear

Early selection

The experience of having your attention suddenly captured by hearing your name from across the room is support for which type of attentional selection model

Inattentional blindness

According to the theory of perceptual load, a large perceptual load

Decreases perceptual resources for unattended items

The _______ bottleneck refers to a filter that results from the limits of our attentional capacity

Attentional

In the _______ task, subjects are provided with a cue that predicts target location

Symbolic cuing

Which type of attention can be sustained over the longest period of time

Voluntary

The unconscious shifts in attention that come about in response to important changes in our environment are considered _______ processes

Bottom-up

Split

brain individuals are those who have undergone surgery to _______ as a treatment for _______

Hemispheric specialization is also known as

lateralization

A prominent structural asymmetry in the brains of typical humans is apparent in the _______, which is located on the superior surface of the _______ lobe

planum temporale; temporal

Prosopagnosia is the inability to

recognize faces

Damage to the connections between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area lead to _______ aphasia

conduction

A large lesion in the left hemisphere near the premotor area of the frontal lobe can produce _______ aphasia

Broca’s

A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia

Broca's

The sounds that make up a language are called _______, and the system of rules for producing sentences is called _______

phonemes; grammar

The human brain shows a clear _______ during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally

critical period