Chapter 8 Power Lecture

Social Power

The capacity and the ability to influence others

Power can be used directly or indirectly, expand on this

Leaders can either demand something of someone in a direct manner or utlitize group influence in an indirect manner.

What are the three main indicators of a constructive use of power ?

1. Power is used to enhance group effectiveness rather than reduce it

2. Power is used to benefit followers and group members

3. Power is agreed to by others rather than occuring without their agreement

What are the qualities of a constructive leader (5)

1. Positive and engaged

2. Postive strong emotions

3. goal focused

4. enhanced cognitive function

5. These leaders might protect their followers from being blamed when the group doesnt perform well.

Fundamental attribution error

The tendency to overestimate the causal influence of disposistional factors(personal) and the understimization of the causal influence of situational factors.

Name the different types of Sources of Power (6)

1. Reward

2. Legitimate

3. Coercive

4. Referent

5. Expert

6. Informational

Reward power

Leaders can influence people with something of value to them. Rewards can be taken or given. Reward power can be used beneficially or destructively. A leader gains reward power when the particular rewards are scare and of high value. However they can lose their reward power when rewards can be offered by somebody else or they are no longer of value.

Legitimate Power

This power comes with the position, it is given to a person by society. An example of positions with legitimate power are membbers of parliament, police officers and mayors. They have sanctioned rights to require and demand obedience.

Coercive power

This power includes leaders threatening or punishing those who do not follow what they have requested or demand. Examples of this source of power include: taking away of perks, isolating members from groups, and decrease in pay.

Referent power (What is a key factor?)

This power is attributed to followers respect, attraction and identification of a leader. Charisma and extraversion is a key factor in obtaining this power.

Expert power

This power has to do with the specific skills or abilities the leader holds. The group cannot function at high levels without their leaders expert power.

Informational power

This power involves the leaders ability to gain information and share it. They can manipulate this sharing and it can be factual or fictional.

What are the two categories of sources of power

1. Personal power

2. Postional power

What fits into Personal power

Referent and expert

What fits into positional power?

1. Informational

2. Legitimate

3. Coercive

4. Reward

Explain keltners approach inhibition model

He says power generates an approach behavior hat results in leaders taking action and displaying positive affect, however powerlessness inhibits this behavior so they display negative affect and inaction.

What did the study concerning power and compassion reveal?

Low power people showed more compassion as talkers distress increased, high power peoples somewhat high compassion decreased as talkers distress increased.

Bathsheba Syndrome

Used to describe how people undergo psychological changes in response to the transformative effects of power.

What are the two ways people can react to power

1. Resist the influence: revolutions and rebellion

2. Display destructive obedience: People who arent in power go along blindly with those that are instead of providing constructive feedback.

Kelmans three stage model explains ways in which people may react to power. How so?

1. Compliancwe: People comply with these leaders but they dont yet agree.

2. Identification: People undergo a shift where now they try to mimic the values and principles of their leaders

3. Internalization: Now they fully follow their leaders because they believe they fit their personal values.

According to the Don Forsynth video of power and status what are the three characteristics of power?

1. Power (status) is relational it requires interactions between people .

2. Power tends to be unevenly distributed

3. Power is dynamic: It comes and goes, negotiations take place.

People can claim status through verbal and non verbal displays. Describe the verbal display

This is the use of powerful speech. Are you loud, direct and clear. There are 4 different ways of speech that allow you to seem more powerful. THese are disclosure, questioning, advisement and interpretation. THe weaker ones include: edification, acknowledgement, confirmation, and reflection.

Explain the 4 powerful speech ways in more detail

1. Disclosure: Im in charge

2. Questioning: What do youu think youre doing

3. Advisment: You need to get this report done by tomorrow

4. Intrepretation: I think you made an error.

Describe the powerful nonverbal displays

These have to do with your posture, facial expressions, kinetics (way you walk around the room), and vocalics.

Theres two different categories of powerful non-verbal power displays and these include eager and vigilant displays. Eager diplays are more open gestures and vigilant displays are more pointing gestures.

Who seeks power?

1. Those who have a need for it (men)

2. Bullies

3. Those who have a social dominance orientation

What do those who have a social dominance orientation believe in?

They believe that the differences seen amongst groups in terms of power arre legitimate and that some groups are just more powerful than others.

What can explain the way in which individuals achieve power?

Expectation states theory

Desscribbe the expectation states theory

It proposes that there are two different types of cues. Specific status cues and general status cues. The first are the qualities relevant to the group situation so competencie, the latter are the qualities used to allocate status but have nothing to do with competencies, so race and age for example.

Status generalization

The phenomenon where followers unfairly allow irrelevant characteristics such as age race or gender determine the allocation of status.

Michels law of oligarchy

In any group power is concentrated in the hands of the few rather than the hands of the many. This phenomenon can be explained by interpersonal complimentarity theory.

Interpersonal complimentarity theory states

Dominact actions trigger submissive actions from others.

What is true of groups with stable hierarchies ?

Low conflict and high cooperation

The dark triad

Machiavellism, Narcissism, Psychopathy

Machiavellism

This is characterized by manipluative tactics for ones own self interest and lack of respect for others. These people have a cynical view of human nature.

Narcissism

These people have an inflated sense of self and self worth. Exaggerate their achievements and crave attention from others

Psychopathy

These people are egocentric, decietful, impulsive in nature, are apathetic, show little regard for other people, and manipulate others as well

What are the 2 broad scales of the Psychopathy checklist revised

1. Affective interpersonal

2. Antisocial/social deviance

What are the 11 traits off the checklist mentioned in lecture?

1. Glib and Superficial

2. Egocentric and grandiose

3. Laclk of remorse or guilt

4. Decietful and manipulative

5. Need for excitement

6. Impulisve in behavior

7. Shallow in emotion

8. Poor behavioral control

9. Adult antiosocial behavior

10. Early behavioral problems

11. Lack of empathy