Chapter 2- inflammation and repair review questions

Which of the following is the bodys most common final response to injury?

a. immune response

b. inflammatory response

c. repair with scar tissue

d. hyperplasia and hypertrophy

c. repair with scar tissue

What type of inflammation occurs if the injury is longer lasting with more extensive tissue destruction?

a. fatal

b. acute

c. chronic

d. life-threatening

c. chronic

What is the first microscopic event during the inflammatory response?

a. dilation of the microcirculation

b. constriction of the microcirculation

c. increased permeability of the microcirculation

d. formation of localized exudate

b. constriction of the microcirculation

What is the directed movement of WBCs to the area of injury?

a. Hyperemia

b. Pavementing

c. Margination

d. Chemotaxis

d. Chemotaxis

Which of the following WBCs are initially involved with the inflammatory response?

a. Neutrophils and Lymphocytes

b. Macrophages and Lymphocytes

c. Lymphocytes and plasma cells

d. Neutrophils and monocytes

d. Neutrophils and monocytes

Which of the following is considered a function of the macrophage?

a. formation of antibodies

b. phagocytosis

c. formation of fibers

d. endocytosis

b. Phagocytosis

Which of the following terms is used to describe blood plasma with cels and proteins that leave the blood vessels and enter the surrounding tissue during inflammation?

a. Exudate

b. Hyperemia

c. Hypertrophy

d. Margination

a. Exudate

Which of the following describes the process of margination during inflammation?

a. ingestion of foreign substances by WBCs

b. Movement of the WBCs to the periphery of the blood vessel walls

c. Adherence of WBCs to the lining of the blood vessel walls

d. Escape of plasma fluids from the microcirculation into the surrounding tissue

b. Movement of the WBCs to the periphery of the blood vessel walls

Which of the following statements is considered correct concerning the neutrophil?

a. the neutrophil makes up 3% to 8% of entire WBCs

b. the neutrophil contains lysosomal enzymes

c. the neutrophil's main function is antibody processing

d. the neutrophil has a single round nucleus

b. the neutrophil contains lysosomal enzymes

Which is the first type of WBC to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured tissue?

a. RBC

b. Macrophage

c. Neutrophil

d. Lymphocyte

c. Neutrophil

How do the components of the complement system mediate the inflammatory process?

a. Decreasing vascular permeability

b. Releasing histamine granules from neutrophils

c. Decreasing cellular phagocytosis

d. Causing cytolysis of cells

d. Causing cytolysis of cells

Which of the following describes granulation tissue formed within 2 days after injury?

a. dense avascular connective tissue

b. immature vascular connective tissue

c. ulcerated whitened tissue

d. fluid in the form of exudate

b. immature vascular connective tissue

Which of the following is associated with the enlargement of a superficial lymph node?

a. presence of leukocytes in circulating blood

b. caused by changes in residing lymphocytes

c. regulated by the hypothalamus

d. process only in the submental lymph nodes

b. caused by changes in residing lymphocytes

Which statement concerning repair in the body is considered correct?

a. repair can be completed with the injurious agents present

b. replacement by nonfunctioning scar tissue can occur

c. repair always results in a favorable regeneration

d. all tissue types in the body undergo repair

b. replacement by nonfunctioning scar tissue can occur

What is the bodys intent with the formation of the clot during repair after injury?

a. protects the neutrophils from further injury

b. forms after skin injury but not after mucosal injury

c. serves as a guide for migrating epithelial cells

d. occurs only with healing by secondary intention

c. serves as a guide for migrating epithelial cells

Which of the following are key to the process of healing by primary intention?

a. the incision has clean edges joined by sutures

b. a large clot slowly forms in the area

c. an infection begins in the injured area

d. an increased formation of granulation tissue

a. the incision has clean edges joined by sutures

Which of the following is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in the individual size of each of its cells?

a. Hyperemia

b. Hyperplasia

c. Inflammation

d. Hypertrophy

d. Hypertrophy

Which of the following can delay tissue repair in the body?

a. Inadequate movement of injured tissue

b. poor blood supply

c. drainage of area edema

d. reduction of tissue infection

b. poor blood supply

What type of healing is present when tissue loss is significant?

a. healing by primary intention

b. healing by secondary intention

c. healing by tertiary intention

d. healing does not take place

b. healing by secondary intention

Which of the following cells help the healing site by contracting?

a. osteoblasts

b. neutrophils

c. myofibroblasts

d. macrophages

c. myofibroblasts

Which of the following directly allows for the presence of fever?

a. wound healing

b. production of bone tissue

c. presence of pyrogens

d. production of c-reactive proteins

c. presence of pyrogens

Hyperemia is directly responsible for which of the following 2 local clinical signs of inflammation?

a. abscess and fistula

b. hypertrophy and hyperplasia

c. erythema and heat

d. necrosis and scarring

c. erythema and heat

Which of the following lesions is noted for its microscopic grouping of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes?

a. lymphoma

b. granuloma

c. abcess

d. keloid

b. granuloma

Which of the following lesions would clinically appear as a pigmented lesion?

a. amalgam tattoo

b. traumatic ulcer

c. frictional keratosis

d. aspirin burn

a. amalgam tattoo

Which of the following statements is false?

a. attrition is the wearing away f tooth structure during mastication

b. bruxism is the same process as mastication

c. erosion is the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action

d. abrasion is caused by mechanical, repetitive habits

b. bruxism is the same process as mastication

Loss of tooth structure associated with bulimia is caused by

a. attrition

b. erosion

c. bruxism

d. abrasion

b. erosion

An aspirin burn in the oral cavity

a. occurs as a result of an overdose of aspirin

b. is usually painless

c. results from misuse of aspirin

d. can cause permanent damage to the oral mucosa

c. results from misuse of aspirin

A pt has a generalized white appearance of the palate. Tiny erythematous dots can be seen, surrounded by a thickened, raised, white-to-gray area. Overall the palate appears wrinkled. This condition is most likely

a. papillary hyperplasia of the palate

b. nicotine stomatitis

c. an aspirin burn

d. necrotizing sialometaplasia

b. nicotine stomatitis

Which of the following is the most common cause of a mucocele?

a. acute inflammation

b. tumor formation

c. minor salivary gland duct trauma

d. a sialolith

c. minor salivary gland duct trauma

A ranula is located on the

a. lower lip

b. buccal mucosa

c. retromolar area

d. floor of the mouth

d. floor of the mouth

Which of the following lesions would not occur on the gingiva?

a. irritation fibroma

b. pyogenic granuloma

c. peripheral giant cell granuloma

d. mucocele

d. mucocele

Generalized loss of tooth structure primarily on the lingual surfaces of teeth is associated with

a. erosion

b. attrition

c. abrasion

d. abfraction

a. erosion

Which of the following may be a cause of external tooth resorption?

a. caries

b. salivary gland dysfunction

c. chronic inflammation

d. medication

c. chronic inflammation

Which one of the following is considered to be the most likely cause of necrotizing sialometaplasia?

a. loss of blood supply

b. radiation therapy

c. smoking

d. a sialolith

a. loss of blood supply

The most common site for a mucocele to occur is the

a. floor of the mouth

b. tongue

c. buccal mucosa

d. lower lip

d. lower lip

The peripheral giant cell granuloma occurs only on the

a. gingival or alveolar process

b. hard palate

c. buccal mucosa

d. floor of the mouth

a. gingival or alveolar process

A sialolith is

a. chronic inflammation of a salivary gland

b. acute inflammation of a salivary gland

c. a pooling of saliva in the connective tissue

d. a salivary gland stone

d. a salivary gland stone

Which of the following statements is false?

a. a periapical cyst develops from a periapical granuloma

b. a periapical abscess always causes radiographic periapical changes

c. a periapical granuloma is a circumscribed area of chronically inflamed tissue

d. a periapical cyst is also called a radicular cyst

b. a periapical abscess always causes radiographic periapical changes

Epulis fissuratum results from irritation caused by

a. a denture flange

b. denture adhesive

c. poor suction from the denture in the palatal vault

d. an allergic to the acrylic in the denture

a. a denture flange

Which of the following statements is true

a. a traumatic neuroma is never painful

b. necrotizing sialometaplasia is considered a denture-related lesion

c. chronic hyperplastic pupilitis is similar to gingival hyperplasia

d. gingival enlargement may be caused by medication

d. gingival enlargement may be caused by medication

All of the following may contribute to intrinsic erosion except one. which is the exception?

a. bulimia

b. chronic alcoholism

c. sports drinks

d. GERD

c. sports drinks

Which of the following cysts is characteristically associated with a tooth that is non-vital on pulp testing?

a. residual

b. radicular

c. dentigerous

d. dermoid

b. radicular

Which of the following cysts results when a tooth is extracted without removing the periapical cystic sac?

a. radicular

b. primordial

c. residual

d. periodontal

c. residual

The most common cause of a radicular cyst is

a. shallow class I restoration

b. periapical inflammation

c. occlusal trauma

d. toothbrush abrasion at the cemento-enamel junction

b. periapical inflammation

The wearing away of tooth structure through a repetitive mechanical action defines

a. attrition

b. abrasion

c. erosion

d. resorption

b. abrasion

Which one of the following is not associated with attrition?

a. toothpaste

b. bruxism

c. mastication

d. age

a. toothpaste

Heavy plaque and calculus deposits, mouth breathing, orthodontic appliances, and overhanging restorations best describe some of the causative factors for:

a. phenytoin hyperplasia

b. a reaction from nifedipine

c. irritation fibromatosis

d. chemical fibromatosis

c. irritation fibromatosis

A pink, granular, or "cobblestone-like" appearance of the hard palate under a denture is most likely:

a. nicotine stomatitis

b. necrotizing sialometaplasia

c. papillary hyperplasia of the palate

d. multiple fibromas

c. papillary hyperplasia of the palate

During examination of the dentition, the dental hygienist notes the presence of activewear facets. This indicates that the patient is:

a. chewing too vigorously

b. a bruxer

c. a vegetarian

d. lip biting

b. a bruxer

A pt has a loss of tooth structure on the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth and reports a high intake of citrus fruit juices. The dental hygienist would most likely suspect:

a. abrasion

b. bulimia

c. bruxism

d. erosion

d. erosion

The amalgam tattoo represents amalgam particles in the tissue and is most commonly observed in the oral cavity on the:

a. lateral borders of the tongue

b. anterior palate near the rugae

c. floor of the mouth

d. posterior gingiva and edentulous ridge

d. posterior gingiva and edentulous ridge

A pink protruding mass in the occlusal surface of a severly carious mandibular first/second molar is most likely a(n):

a. irritation fibroma

b. pyogenic granuloma

c. chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

d. pulpal granuloma

c. chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

Which of the following drugs does not cause gingival enlargement?

a. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

b. Cyclosporine

c. Nifedipine (Procardia)

d. Tertracycline

d. Tertracycline

traumatic ulcers are usually diagnosed on the basis of;

a. the pts medical history

b. the clinical appearance and history of the ulcers

c. the results of a biopsy and microscopic examination

d. a therapeutic diagnosis

b. the clinical appearance and history of the ulcers

Which of the following might be identified on a radiograph?

a. mucocele

b. sialolith

c. necrotizing sialometaplasia

d. chronic sialadenitis

b. sialolith

Which of the following is false concerning actinic cheilitis?

a. it affects the vermilion of the lips

b. it is caused by sun exposure

c. it usually involves the upper lip more severely than the lower lip

d. it can be identified by clinical changes in the appearance of the lips

c. it usually involves the upper lip more severely than the lower lip

All of the following are systemic manifestations of inflammation except?

a. leukocytosis

b. fever

c. hyperemia and erythema

d. lymphoadenopathy

c. hyperemia and erythema

A raised, white line is seen on the buccal mucosa at the level of the occlusal plane. This is best called:

a. frictional keratosis

b. leukoplakia

c. linea alba

d. a traumatic ulcer

c. linea alba

Which of the following is false concerning a traumatic neuroma? It is:

a. caused by injury to a peripheral nerve

b. composed of nerve tissue completely surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue (PEN)

c. composed of a proliferation of small nerves

d. often painful

b. composed of nerve tissue completely surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue (PEN)

Enhancement of phagocytosis is called?

a. Opsonization

b. Abfraction

c. Transudate

d. Chemotaxis

a. Opsonization

Wedge-shaped defects at the cervical area of teeth caused by stress-induced microfractures define which of the following terms?

a. erosion

b. abfraction

c. attrition

d. abrasion

b. abfraction

Condensing osteitis is diagnosed mainly through which type of diagnostic process?

a. clinical

b. radiographic

c. laboratory

d. therapeutic

b. radiographic

This condition may present as hyperkeratinized tissue caused by chronic irritation and may be accompanied by an ulceration and/or hematoma

a. attrition

b. "meth mouth"

c. frictional keratosis

d. traumatic neuroma

c. frictional keratosis

Which one of the following is used as a cavity sterilization and cauterizing agent and can cause a chemical burn in soft tissue?

a. eugenol

b. hydrogen peroxide

c. ferric sulfate

d. phenol

d. phenol

Which one of the following is most commonly seen on the maxillary anterior labial gingiva?

a. smokers melanosis

b. amalgam tattoo

c. melanotic macule

d. salivary gland tumor

a. smokers melanosis

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is most commonly found on the

a. lower lip

b. soft palate

c. hard palate

d. floor of mouth

c. hard palate

The frenal tag is commonly found on the:

a. floor of the mouth

b. lingual frenum

c. maxillary labial frenum

d. buccal mucosa

c. maxillary labial frenum

Candidiasis can be associated with which of the following conditions?

a. gingival enlargement

b. papillary hyperplasia

c. epulis fissuratum

d. frenal tag

b. papillary hyperplasia

You cannot use a radiographic image alone to differentiate a periapical granuloma from which one of the following?

a. pulp polyp

b. radicular cyst

c. abscess

d. residual cyst

b. radicular cyst (after extraction)

In which extraction site is alveolar osteitis usually encountered?

a. incisor

b. mandibular 3rd molars

c. maxillary premolars

d. maxillary 1st molars

b. mandibular 3rd molars

When resorption affects the crown of an unerupted tooth and the cause cannot be identified, it is called:

a. internal resorption

b. residual resorption

c. external resorption

d. idiopathic resorption

d. idiopathic resorption

Which one of the following drug groups is most likely to cause gingival enlargement?

a. antivirals

b. diuretics

c. antibiotics

d. anticonvulsants

d. anticonvulsants

Which one of the following periapical conditions is associated with pain?

a. radicular cyst

b. periapical abscess

c. periapical granuloma

d. residual cyst

b. periapical abscess (result from infection)

Which of the following is most likely responsible for internal/external resorption?

a. inflammatory response

b. allergic reaction

c. genetics

d. systemic disease

a. inflammatory response

The most common intraoral site for pyrogenic granuloma us the

a. maxillary anterior gingiva

b. lateral tongue

c. floor of the mouth

d. mandibular 3rd molar area

a. maxillary anterior gingiva

Which of the following statements regarding a peripheral ossifying fibroma is incorrect?

a. it is seen exclusively on the gingiva or alveolar mucosa

b. it represents the soft tissue counterpart of a central ossifying fibroma

c. it may clinically resemble a pyogenic granuloma or a peripheral giant cell granuloma

d. it is seen more often in young adults

b. it represents the soft tissue counterpart of a central ossifying fibroma

Which of the following may present with an extraoral swelling and a "tail sign" on 3-dimensional imaging studies?

a. Ranula

b. Fibroma

c. periapical granuloma

d. pyogenic granuloma

a. Ranula

Localized juvenile spongiotic gingivitis may clinically resemble which of the following?

a. fibroma

b. pyogenic granuloma

c. mucocele

d. peripheral ossifying fibroma

b. pyogenic granuloma

Which of the following statements regarding localized juvenile spongiotic gingivitis is true?

a. it is seen most often in the posterior mandible

b. if untreated, it will continue to grow in size

c. it is the same as a pyogenic granuloma

d. it can be treated with topical corticosteroids

d. it can be treated with topical corticosteroids

Tooth erosion caused by stomach acid is referred to as:

a. abrasion

b. perimolysis

c. electrolysis

d. chemolysis

b. perimolysis

Pts suffering from a fungal infection may have an increased number of which of the following cells in their bloodstream?

a. eosinophils

b. lymphocytes

c. neutrophils

d. macrophages

a. eosinophils

Which of the following is true regarding pyogenic granulomas?

a. they are only seen in pregnant females

b. they are seen only on the gingiva or alveolar mucosa

c. they tend to bleed easily

d. all of the above are true

c. they tend to bleed easily

All of the following are considered reactive lesions rather than true neoplasms except one. Which is the exception?

a. pyogenic granuloma

b. Irritation fibroma

c. peripheral giant cell granuloma

d. central ossifying fibroma

d. central ossifying fibroma

All of the following conditions may present with granulomas microscopically except one. Which is the exception?

a. sarcoidosis

b. tuberculosis

c. crohn disease

d. fibroma

d. fibroma

The most common location for the development of sialoliths is:

a. Wharton duct (submandibular gland)

b. Bartholin duct (sublingual gland)

c. Stensen duct (parotid gland)

d. Minor salivary glands

a. Wharton duct (submandibular gland)

Treatment of a ranula involves removal of the offending gland. Which salivary gland is the most responsible for formation of a ranula?

a. parotid

b. submandibular

c. sublingual

d. minor

c. sublingual

Localized juvenile spongiotic gingivitis is most often found on:

a. maxillary anterior gingiva

b. maxillary buccal posterior gingiva

c. mandibular canine region

d. mandibular anterior lingual gingiva

a. maxillary anterior gingiva

Which one of the following is caused by physiologic wear?

a. abrasion

b. bulimia

c. abfraction

d. attrition

d. attrition

Disappearing mamelons is the first sign of"

a. abrasion

b. erosion

c. bulimia

d. attrition

d. attrition

A repetitive mechanical action and pathologic wear define:

a. attrition

b. abfraction

c. abrasion

d. erosion

c. abrasion

Vomiting after eating is a significant characteristic of which of the following?

a. anorexia nervosa

b. GERD

c. bulimia

d. alcoholism

c. bulimia

Which of the following should be avoided immediately after vomiting?

a. rinse with water

b. rinse with a fluoride rinse

c. vigorous toothbrushing

d. drinking coffee

c. vigorous toothbrushing