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Bank run

Depositors panic in large numbers and demand to close their bank accounts before the bank closes

Unemployment

The most persistent economic problem during the Great Depression

Hoovervilles

Shanty towns build on the outskirts of major cities made up of thousands of homeless.

Dust Bowl

Major environmental disaster during the Great Depression years

Great Plains

Geographic region most negatively affected by the dust bowl

Drought/Poor farming practices

Causes of the Dust Bowl

The Grapes of Wrath

John Steinbeck's book about a bust bowl family trying to survive. They leave Oklahoma for better opportunities in California.

Depression Humor

Hoover Flag- man with empty pockets

Penny Auctions

Effort by farmers to buy back foreclosed properties for pennies on the dollar

Herbert Hoover

President during stock market crash and early Depression years

Herbert Hoover

US president blamed for the Great Depression
Many said he did "too little, too late"

speculation

Term for making high risk investments in the stock market in hopes of getting rich quick...over speculation lead to the Great Depression

buying on margin

Practice that contributed to the Great Depression inflating stock prices in the 1920s; required only 10% down payment to purchase stock- many investors borrowed money to buy stocks and used the stock as collateral.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; Stock Market Crash

stock

Term for a share of a company- investment in a company

Hoovervilles

The name for shanty towns that sprung up around major cities during the Great Depression

Dust Bowl

The period of widespread drought and wind storms in the plains states during 1930s

"Okies"

Migrants fleeing the Dust Bowl

Dorothea Lange

WPA photographer most known for her photographs of migrant workers during the Great Depression

21st Amendment

Repealed prohibition

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

32nd president- democrat- elected to four consecutive terms. Died in office

New Deal

Name given to FDR's massive plan for relief, recovery, and reform based on the principle that the govt. must assume responsibility for helping the unfortunate

"Nothing to fear but fear itself"

famous phrase from FDR's first inaugural address in 1933

Eleanor Roosevelt

Wife of President Roosevelt...referred to by some as FDR's "legs" and a strong advocate for the New Deal

relief, recovery, reform

The 3 "R's" of the New Deal

Relief

New Deal programs that provided direct and indirect economic and material aid to individuals and families

Recovery

New Deal programs designed to speedly improve the economy

Reform

New laws designed to regulate operation of banks, the stock market, and others that would provide a "saftey net" for future economic downturns

deficit spending

The term for government spending in excess of tax revenues; used in the 1930s to stimulate the economy

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

Government program that insures bank deposits in case of a bank failure, a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions, one of the lasting impacts of the New Deal

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

New Deal program that attempted to boost farm prices by paying some farmers not to plant crops

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

New Deal program created in 1933 in order to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development near Appalachia & Blue Ridge, a region particularly impacted by the Great Depression

Social Security System

Government program created during Second New Deal; provides old-age and disability pensions and unemployment insurance

Father Charles Coughlin

A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show. His radio show turned into being a severe criticism against Jews during WWII and he was eventually kicked off the air; however, before his fascist rants, he was wildly popular among those who opposed FDR's New Deal.

Huey P. Long

Politician from Louisiana nicknamed the "Kingfisher." Noted for his radical populist policies. He served as Governor of Louisiana. He later was assassinated while considering a presidential run

The Grapes of Wrath

The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. Based on the Great Depression- written by John Steinbeck

Migrant Mother

Migrant Mother

Hoover Dam

Hoover Dam

Golden Gate Bridge

Golden Gate Bridge

CCC (Civil Conservation Corp.)

(RELIEF) Gov't put young men to work (18-25) Built roads planted trees/ etc. money went to family, with a little for them.

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

1935; was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads

Mount Rushmore

Monument near Keystone, South Dakota. Sculpted by Gutzon Borglum and later by his son Lincoln Borglum. Emphasized 4 great themes of Independence, expansion, conservation, and unification.

Prohibition

18th Ammendment

Great Depression- looking for work

Looking for work

Fireside Chats

Radio broadcasts given by FDR to explain government policies in a reassuring, informative fashion

Dust Bowl

Dust bowl

Night Hawk - Edward Hopper

Night Hawk

Rugged Individualism

Herbert Hoover's belief that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon the federal government for assistance.

Court Packing

FDR's plan to add up to six new justices after some of his New Deal legislation was unconstitutional - considered by many to be a violation of the constitutional system of checks and balances

Federal Reserve

A national banking system, established in 1913, that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country.

Repatriation Act

Special law authorized by President Hoover to send Mexican-American immigrants back to Mexico during the Great Depression, many of whom were lawful American citizens, separated from their families.

Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)

an agency created in 1934 that monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds

over production

One of the leading causes of the Great Depression causing farm prices to decrease

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment