Immunity, Inflammation, and Infection

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts related to immunity, inflammation, and infection.

Physical Barriers

The first line of defense against infections, including structures like skin and mucous membranes that prevent entry of pathogens.

Phagocytosis

The process by which certain cells (like macrophages) engulf and digest microorganisms or cellular debris.

Cytokines

Chemical signals released by immune cells that help regulate inflammation and attract other immune cells to the site of infection.

Innate Immunity

A nonspecific form of defense that is present at birth and includes physical and chemical barriers.

Specific Defenses

Adaptive immunity that develops over time and involves lymphocytes, antibodies, and memory cells to fight specific pathogens.

Leukocytes

White blood cells that are part of the immune system and are involved in protecting the body against infection.

Inflammation

A localized response of the body to injury or infection characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by B cells that specifically target and neutralize antigens.

Complement System

A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.

Macrophages

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris and pathogens.

Autoimmune Diseases

Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Hypersensitivity

An exaggerated immune response to an allergen that can lead to symptoms ranging from mild reactions to severe anaphylaxis.

Biomechanical Barriers

Physical barriers created by the body's structural and functional systems that prevent the entry of pathogens.

Chemical Mediators

Substances released during immune responses that affect blood vessels and recruit immune cells.

T Cells

Type of lymphocyte involved in cell-mediated immunity; includes Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells.

Neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that is one of the first responders to sites of infection or injury.