UNIT 3 ART APP TERMS

Which prehistoric period is characterized by nomadic life and the earliest surviving forms of artistic expression, such as cave paintings and the Venus of Willendorf?

Paleolithic

What era is defined by the transition to agriculture and permanent settlements, leading to the creation of megalithic structures like Stonehenge?

Neolithic

Which region contains the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and includes cultures such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians?

Mesopotamia

Which civilization's art focused on the afterlife and permanence, utilizing a composite view of the human figure and monumental structures?

Egyptian

What are the Pre-Hellenic cultures that include the marble-carving islanders of the Cyclades, the bull-leaping palace builders of Crete, and the gold-working warriors of the Greek mainland?

Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean

Which culture in Italy influenced Roman art with their sophisticated bronze work and terracotta tomb sculptures?

Etruscan

What are the three chronological styles of Greek pottery, moving from repetitive abstract patterns to figures painted in black slip, and finally to figures left in the natural clay color?

Geometric, Black-figure, and Red-figure

What are the three phases of Greek sculpture, starting with stiff poses, moving to naturalism, and ending with dramatic, emotional styles?

Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic

What are the three orders of Greek architecture identified by their capitals?

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Which iconic Doric temple on the Athenian Acropolis was dedicated to the goddess Athena?

The Parthenon

What term describes the hyper-realistic style of Roman portraiture that emphasized age and wisdom?

Verism

Which Roman temple is a masterpiece of concrete engineering, featuring a massive dome with a circular opening at the top?

The Pantheon

Which massive amphitheater in Rome was built using concrete and used for gladiatorial games?

The Colosseum

Which culture is known for its central plan churches, gold-ground mosaics, and religious icons following the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Byzantine

What term refers to handwritten books decorated with gold leaf and vibrant pigments?

Illuminated manuscripts

What is the term for an ornate container used to hold and display the remains of a saint?

Reliquary

Which architectural style features heavy walls, barrel vaults, and carved stone scenes on the tympanum meaning a vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated.?

Romanesque

Which style is defined by its desire for height and light, achieved through flying buttresses, rib vaults, and stained glass?

Gothic

Which 14th-century Italian artist is credited with breaking away from the flat Byzantine style to create more human, three-dimensional figures?

Giotto

Which movement is split between the Northern style (oil paint/genre scenes) and the Italian style (classical proportions/linear perspective)?

The Renaissance

Which building in Florence held a famous competition for its bronze doors, featuring the work of Ghiberti and Brunelleschi?

The Baptistry of St. John

Who are considered the Big Three masters of the Italian High Renaissance?

Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael

Which artists created the early bronze David, the marble High Renaissance David, and the mid-action Baroque David?

Donatello, Michelangelo, and Bernini

What artistic style is known for its intentional anti-classical distortion, elongated figures, and awkward poses?

Mannerism

Which movement, characterized by tenebrism and intense drama, dominated the 1600s?

Baroque

Which 18th-century style is known for being ornate, lighthearted, and playful, often focusing on the leisure of the upper class?

Rococo