Basic Metabolic Panel

136-145mEq/L

What is the adult reference value for sodium?

3.5-5.2 mEq/L

What is the adult reference value for potassium

96-106 mEq/L

What is the adult reference value for Chloride?

22-32 mmol/L

What is the adult reference value for HCO3?

6-20 mg/dl

What is the adult reference value for BUN?

0.9-1.3 (0.6-1.1) mg/dl

What is the adult (men/women) reference value for Creatinine?

<100 mg/dL

What is the adult reference value for Glucose?

8.8-10.4 mg/dL

What is the adult reference value for Calcium?

Burns, CHF, fluid loss, malabsorption, diabetic acidosis, water intoxication, hypothyroidism

What are some clinical causes of hyponatremia?

DEHYDRATION, Cushing Disease

What are some clinical causes of Hypernatremia?

diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, starvation, malabsorption, CF, alcoholism

What are some clinical causes of hypokalemia?

kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes

What are some clinical causes of hyperkalemia?

cardiovascular and renal

Altered levels of potassium tend to point to issues in what systems?

hemolysis, drug administration, licorice

What might cause abnormally high potassium lab results?

severe vomiting, heart failure, gastric suction

What are some clinical causes of hypochloremia?

dehydration, hyperventilation, severe kidney disorders

What are some clinical causes of increased blood chloride?

being an infant, drugs, excessive IV saline

Why might chloride lab results be altered?

uncontrolled diabetes, diarrhea and vomiting, lactic acidosis

What are some clinical causes of low bicarb levels?

antacid/laxative overuse, dehydration, excess of corticosteroids, cushing syndrome

What are some clinical causes of a high bicarb level?

Impaired kidney function, heart failure, salt/water depletion, shock, stress, acute MI, chronic kidney disease, excessive protein intake or breakdown

What are some clinical causes of increased BUN?

liver failure, malnutrition

What are some clinical causes of low BUN?

diet, women or child (less muscle mass), late pregnancy

What are some interfering factors to BUN?

impaired kidney function, heart failure, shock, muscle disease (rhabdomyolysis), dehydration

What are some clinical causes of increased creatinine?

liver failure, malnutrition

What are some clinical causes of decreased creatinine?

GFR

What do creatinine levels give an approximation of?

glomerular functioning

What does BUN assess on a tissue/organ level?

impaired kidney function

On an organ level, what does creatinine aim to diagnose?

creatinine levels

What test is more sensitive and specific, BUN or creatinine?

high levels of ascorbic acid (Vit C), cephalosporin proteins, high protein diet, drugs

What are some interfering factors in creatinine levels?

diabetes

Though there are many clinical implications for blood glucose levels, what is one classic disease dealing with blood glucose?

brain damage

What might a critically low level of glucose cause?

coma

What might a critically high level of blood glucose cause?

Drugs (steroids), pregnancy, IV glucose

What interfering factors raise blood glucose level?

Low hematocrit, exercise

What interfering factors tend to lower blood glucose?

convulsions

What might a critically low blood calcium level produce?

arrhythmias and coma

What might a critically high blood calcium level lead to?

Hyperparathyroidism and cancer

What are the most common causes of hypercalcemia?

hypoalbuminemia

What is the most common cause of decreased total calcium?

Thiazide diruetics

What may falsely elevate calcium levels?

levels of protein in the blood

What other blood level is blood calcium dependent on?

Chloride

In an emergency, what is the least important electrolyte to measure?

Supplemental K+

A patient receiving IV fluids needs what every day?

PVC, VF, VT, AT

What arrhythmias might hypokalemia cause?

sinus bradycardia, 1 degree heart block, VT, VF

What arrhythmias may hyperkalemia cause?

neurologic dysfunction

What might critically low levels of sodium cause?

heart failure

What might critically high levels of sodium cause?

cardiac and kidney problems

What might moderately high sodium levels cause?

weakness, dehydration

What might moderately low sodium levels cause?

Na, K, Cl, HCO3, BUN, Cr, glucose, Ca

What are the 8 lab values included in the BMP?

evaluate kidney function, assess fluid and electrolyte balance, check blood sugar levels, acid-base balance

What are the main purposes of ordering a BMP?