Hegemony, Power, and Media Economics Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from Hegemony, Power, and Media Economics, including theorists like Gramsci, Althusser, Hall, and Bourdieu.

According to Del Gandio (2012), what is the definition of hegemony?

The process by which the beliefs, values, ideologies, and practices of a particular social class come to dominate the wider society.

What are Antonio Gramsci's two forms of domination for achieving hegemony?

Physical force (coercion), which is typical in fascist regimes, and cultural consent (ideology), which is typical in liberal democracies.

How did Friedrich Engels define 'false consciousness'?

The condition where the working class believes they are subordinated because their only capital is labor, while the ruling class believes they are destined to rule due to greater skills and intellect.

In Louis Althusser's theory, what is 'interpellation'?

The process of understanding an ideology where a subject recognizes they are being addressed by an authority figure and understands that they are the subject, not the authority.

What is the difference between an Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) and a Repressive State Apparatus (RSA)?

An ISA consists of institutions responsible for controlling social disorder and stabilizing society through ideology, while an RSA consists of institutions that control primarily through violence and coercion.

John B. Thompson identified five ways ideological power is exercised. What is 'Reification'?

Representing unequal social structures as 'natural' and 'inevitable,' as if they were divorced from history and specific context.

What is the 'Public Sphere' as defined by Habermas (1984)?

A realm of social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed and access is guaranteed to all citizens.

In the study of representation, what is the 'Constructionist approach' identified by Stuart Hall?

An approach that recognizes the public, social character of language, where we construct meaning using representational systems rather than meaning being in the object itself.

What are the three types of signs identified by Charles Sanders Peirce?

Iconic (physical resemblance), Indexical (cause and effect), and Symbolic (the arbitrary).

According to Roland Barthes, what constitutes a 'myth'?

A chain of concepts widely accepted throughout a culture by which its members conceptualize or understand a particular topic as part of their social experience.

What are the three decoding positions in Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model?

1. Dominant-hegemonic (accepting the message in its intended code), 2. Negotiated (filtering content through an individual lens), and 3. Oppositional (retotalizing the message within an alternative frame).

List the five 'media filters' identified in Herman and Chomsky's Propaganda Model.

1. Ownership, 2. Advertising, 3. Sourcing, 4. Flak, and 5. Anti-communism (or the dominant ideology).

What is the 'Lauderdale paradox'?

The contradiction between public wealth (use value) and private riches, which require scarcity (exchange value) to increase.

In media economics, what is 'Market failure'?

The failure to advance socially desirable goals other than efficiency, such as preserving democracy.

What is the difference between a 'Monopoly' and an 'Oligopoly' in concentrated markets?

A monopoly consists of one seller and many buyers (total concentration), while an oligopoly consists of a small number of sellers and many buyers.

How does Stuart Hall define 'race'?

A discursive category that works like a language and a 'floating signifier' without a fixed referent.

What is Kimberlé Crenshaw's definition of 'intersectionality'?

The idea that disadvantage is conditioned by multiple interacting systems of oppression.

What is 'Orientalism' as defined by Edward Said (1980)?

A western style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient.

What are Pierre Bourdieu's four types of capital?

1. Economic (material wealth), 2. Social (who you know), 3. Symbolic (prestige and honor), and 4. Cultural (knowledge and skills).

Define Pierre Bourdieu's concept of 'Habitus'.

Deeply ingrained, often unconscious dispositions, habits, and perceptions individuals acquire through socialization that shape their behaviors.

Distinguish between Popular Feminism and Popular Misogyny according to Banet-Weiser.

Popular feminism is visible and active in shaping culture without necessarily disrupting hegemonic beliefs, while popular misogyny is reactive and reified into institutions and structures.

What is Judith Butler's concept of 'gender performativity'?

The idea that gender is made up of the repetitive acts that mark a person as a man or a woman.

In the study of social movements, what is 'Resource mobilisation theory'?

A theory describing groups that organize as a core professional group, use deliberate and strategic plans, and work through institutional channels.

What is Sara Ahmed's concept of 'strategic inefficiency'?

A management technique where exhaustion is used to stop or suppress a complaint.

What are the four elements of 'social media logic'?

Programmability, popularity, connectivity, and datafication.