Angiosperms

List 4 traits of Angiosperms

Ovule is enclosed in the female sporophyte tissue, Produces flowers and fruit, Pollinated by wind or animals, Wood with vessel elements (produces hard wood)

Describe dicots and give examples

2 cotyledons, Netted veins in leaves, Flower pattern of 4s and 5s, Herbaceous or wood, Most common type of plant, Ex. raspberries, beans

Describe monocots and give examples

1 cotyledon, Parallel veins in leaves, Flower pattern of 3s, Herbaceous, Ex. grasses, orchids, lilies

Flowers are modified stems and leaves consisting of

Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Carpels

Incomplete

Missing one or more parts of the flower are missing

Complete

Not missing any parts

Perfect

Male and female structures on one flower

Imperfect

Separate male and female flowers

Simple

Single carpel

Compound

Multiple carpels

The different arrangements of flowers on a plant is called what?

inflorescence

What are the 3 parts of the seed

Seed coat, Embryo, Endosperm (nutritive tissue)

Describe monocot seeds and give an example

One cotyledon, Retain their endosperm, Ex. Corn

Describe dicot seeds and give an example

Two cotyledons, No endosperm, Ex. Bean

Fleshy fruits

Composed of the mesocarp and sometimes the endocarp and receptacle, that protect the seeds inside

What is a fruits structure dependent on?

the type of flowers that they develop from

Monocarpous

Flowers produce multiple or simple fruits

Apocarpous

Flowers produce aggregate fruits

Syncarpous

Flowers produce compound fruits

Accessory fruits

When structures other than the ovary contribute to the fruit.

Simple

Single carpel; peach, cherry

Multiple

Single carpel, multiple flowers; pineapple

Aggregate

Many carpels; raspberry, blackberry

Aggregate accessory

Many carpels, receptacle is the fruit; strawberry

Compound

Two or more fused carpels; tomato, grape

Compound accessory

Two or more fused carpels, receptacle and ovary are the fleshy part; apple

What are the two categories dry fruit is divided into?

Indehiscent and Dehiscent

Indehiscent

Carpal is tightly adhered to the seed, forms a hard coating, and does not open at maturity

Dehiscent

Softer carpal wall, opens at maturity to shed seeds

What are the 4 types of indehiscent fruits?

Achene, nut, samara, and caryopsis

Achene

One seed in a hard covering, was attached to the fruit wall at some point; sunflower, dandelion, strawberry

Nut

One seed with a very hard covering; chestnut, walnut, acorn

Samara

one or two sided fruit that has a wing; maple, elm, ash

Caryopsis

One seed fruit where the fruit wall and seed coat become fused; corn, wheat, grass

What are the 3 types of dehiscent fruits?

Legume, follicle, and capsule

Legume

Develops from one carpel, splits on both sides; pea, bean

Follicle

Develops from one carpel, splits on one side; larkspur

Capsule

Develops from more than one carpel, opens in various ways