Pregnancy & Conception through Adolescence (NUR 300)

3 Stages of Pregnancy

1.) Preembryonic (Conception to 2 weeks)

2.) Embryonic (8 weeks)

3.) Fetal (8 weeks to birth)

During which week of embryonic development does the placenta begin to develop?

Week 3

Which week of pregnancy marks the formation of all the embryo’s organs?

Week 8

What is the average weight gain during pregnancy?

11 to 15 kg (25 to 35 lbs)

3 Risks of Teenage Pregnancy Risks

1.) Refusal to seek care

2.) Low birth weight

3.) Premature birth

Geriatric Pregnancy

Conception occurring at an age > 35 years (often associated with chromosomal defects)

Neonatal Period

Period spanning the first 28 days of life during which the newborn’s physical functioning is mostly reflexive; behavior is influenced by the interaction with the environment and caregivers

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

Newborn weighing less than 2.5 kg (5.5. lb)

Apgar Score

Most widely used assessment tool conducted between 1-5 minutes after birth (repeated PRN); determines the physiological functioning of a newborn’s major organ systems

5 Objective Signs of the Apgar Assessment

1.) HR

2.) Respirations

3.) Muscle tone

4.) Reflexes

5.) Skin color

Cyanosis of the hands and feet is expected for how long in a newborn?

First 24 hours

12 Normal Reflexes of Newborns

1.) Blinking (in response to bright light)

2.) Startling (in response to sudden loud noise/movement)

3.) Sucking

4.) Rooting

5.) Grasping

6.) Yawning

7.) Coughing

8.) Sneezing

9.) Swallowing

10.) Palmar Grasp

11.) Plantar Grasp

12.) Babinski

Anterior Fontanel

Palpable diamond-shape in newborn skull structure resulting from unfused bones; usually closes by 12-18 months

Posterior Fontanel

Palpable triangular-shape in newborn skull structure resulting from unfused bones; usually closes by the end of the 2^nd or 3^rd month

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden occurrence of uncertain etiology; may be correlated with lack of head control in infants (unable to raise > 10°)

Infancy

Period spanning from 1 month to 1 year of age; rapid physical growth and change helps advance development from reflexive to more purposeful behavior

Toddlerhood

Period spanning from 12 months to 3 years of age; increased independence results from greater physical mobility and cognitive abilities

What is the approximate growth of the average toddler each year?

7.5 cm (3 inches)

What is the approximate weight gain of the average toddler each year?

1.8 to 2.7 kg (4 - 6 lb)

Preschool Period

Period spanning 3 to 5 years of age; mastery of body function is refined but physical development progresses slower than cognitive/psychosocial development

What is the approximate weight gain of the average preschooler each year?

2 to 3 kg (4.5 - 6.5 lb)