Micro Bio Exam 2

Rhino Virus

RNA, Naked Virus

Transmission of Rhino Virus

Respiratory transmission/ touching something with Rhino Virus on it.

Symptoms of Rhino Virus

Cold like symptoms, If child has Flaire up of Asthma with a virus it is probably Rhino Virus

Immunity to Rhino Virus

Immunity is possible, but there are so many strands you can't have immunity to them all.

Norwalk/ Norovirus

RNA, Naked Virus

Transmission of Norwalk/ Norovirus

Fecal/ Oral transmission, Common on cruise ships.

What does Norwalk Cause

Half of all infectious non-bacterial enteritis

Symptoms of Norwalk

Vomiting, Diarrhea, Cramps, 1-3 days. Many times described as food poisoning.

Transmitability of Norwalk

Takes only 10 virons to start an infection. Second most cause of illness after respiratory disease in the united states.

Incubation period of Norwalk

24-48 hours

Epidemiology of Norwalk

20 Million cases per year, 600-800 deaths per year

Treatment / Vaccine for Norwalk

None

Rubella often referred to as

German Meisels/ 3 day Meisels

Transmission of Rubella

Transmitted through airborne droplets.

Concern For Rubella

(CRS) Congenital Rubella Syndrome. If woman gets it in early stage of pregnancy high chance for Birth Defects.

Signs/ Symptoms Of Rubella

Rash on neck for 3 days. Adult form is severe

When do you start showing symptoms to rubella after exposure

10-14 days

Prevention for Rubella

Quarentine if infected/ Vaccination

Does Rubella Have a Vaccine

Yes

Treatment Of Rubella

No treatment/ Adress symptoms

Does Chikungunya have a vaccine

Yes, Only reccomended to people traveling outside the United States

Chikungunya Transmission

Arbovirus: Transmitted through Mosquitos.

Who is at Risk of Contracting Chikungunya

Young, Old, and immunocomprimised. Almost all cases come from travel.

Symptoms of Chikungunya

Fever, Joint and Muscle Pain, Headache, Rash

How long does it take to recover from Chikungunya

About a week

Prevention Of Chikungunya

Insect Control, Appropriate Clothing, Previous Infection usually prevents new infection, Vaccine

Treatment of Chikungunya

Vaccine, Pain meds

Does Yellow Fever Have A Vaccine

Yes/ Special Need Vaccine

What type of Virus is Yellow Fever

Arbovirus- Transmitted via mosquito

What cycle does Yellow fever follow

Sylvatic Cycle- Mosquito,Animal, Animal,

Mosquito,Mosquito, Person

Stage 1 and 2 Of Yellow Fever

Stage 1- slight fever, headache, muscle aches, vommiting Stage 2- Remission 85% feel fine after this stage

Stage 3 of Yellow Fever

10-15% make it to this stage- Delerium, Seizures, Coma, Organ Damage, Liver Damage, Heart Damage, High Fever, Massive Hemorrhaging. 30% of people who make it to this stage will die.

Epidemiology Of yellow Fever

150-200 thousand cases per year

Prevention Of Yellow Fever

Avoid Traveling to endimic areas, Special Need Vaccine

Treatment Of Yellow Fever

No treatment to adress the virus

Does Dengue Fever Have a vaccine

Yes, Special Needs espesially for travel

What type of Virus is Dengue Fever

Arbovirus

How do you get Dengue Fever

Synatic Cycle from mosquitos. Can come from blood transfusions but not common.

Mostly Travel Associated

Why should you not get Dengue Fever twice

If you get it again you can get Homorrhagic Fever

What is Dengue Fever often Reffered to as

Break Bone Fever- because of the servere bone pain it causes

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Servere bone/ joint pain, High Fever, Headache, Loss of Appetite, Nausea, Weakness

How long does it take for Dengue Fever to subside

10-14 Days

Prevention Of Dengue Fever

Avoid Travel to endemic areas, wearing protective clothing, insect repellent

Treatment of Dengue Fever

No treatment for severe Dengue. Don't give aspirin because it will make hemorrhaging worse.

Does West Nile Virus Have A Vaccine

No Vaccine

What Type Of Virus is West Nile

Arbo Virus

How do you get west nile

Synatic Cycle- comes through birds

How does West Nile Spread

Spreads Rapidly because Birds can fly all over the place and they get bit by mosquitos all the time.

What are the 2 forms of West Nile Virus

Fever Form, Neuro Invasive Form

Where is West Nile Most commonly Found

In the MidWest

Who Mostly Dies From West Nile

The older Generation

How is West Nile Spread

Spread Through Mosquitos that bit a bird

Febril/ Fever Form Of West Nile

More Common, Less Severe

Fever, Headache, Body Pain, Vomiting, Diarhea, Fatigue

Neuroinvasive Form Of West Nile

Less Common, More Severe

Envephalitis, Meningitis, Flaccid Paralysis, Severe Headache, Fever, Stiff Neck, Disorientation, Coma, Seizures, Permanent Neurological Damage, Death

What percent of people with West Nile show symptoms

Most people infected show no symptoms.

20% infected will show febrile/ fever response

1% of infected will show neuroinvasive symptoms

0.1% die(10% of those with neuroinvasive infection)

When are most cases of West Nile seen

Most cases are seen in the summer due to higher population of mosquitos.

Prevention of West Nile

No vaccine Currently, Mosquito Control

Treatment of West Nile

None just treat symptoms

Does Zika have a vaccine

No Vaccine

How is Zika transmitted

Through the Synatic Cycle/ Mosquito born transmission

What type of Virus is Zika

An Arbovirus

What is a Major Concern for Pregnant Woman with Zika

CZS- Congenital Zika Syndrome, If a female in early pregnancy gets the virus it can result in significant birth defects.

How common is Zika globally

Very common globally, Large spike of cases transmitted in the US in 2016.

Signs/ Symptoms of Zika

Zika is usually asymptomatic or has mild symptoms.

Fever, Rash, Headache, Joint Pain, Conjunctivitis (red eyes, Muscle Pain, Congenital Zika Syndrome

Epidemiology Of Zika

Most significant cases come from travel association

Prevention Of Zika

No Vaccine, Insect Control, Avoidance of areas where virus is prevalent.

What is the second leading cause of the common cold

Coronaviruses

What is the First leading cause of the common cold

Rhino Virus

What type of Virus is coronavirus and why is it so good at mutating.

It is an RNA Envelope Virus that looks like a crown, Because it is an RNA Envelope virus it has more errors when replecating causing it to mutate.

Symptoms of Coronavirus

Coughing, Sneezing, Mild short term resperatory symptoms.

How is coronavirus spread

Fomites- someone coughs, touches something, someone else touches that same thing, then touches face.

There is a high probability we will be faced with another coronavirus in our years

True

What does SARS stand for

Severe Aute Respiratory Syndrome

Does SARS have a vaccine

No vaccine

How common is SARS

basically eradicated

What virus is SARS very similar to

COVID

When was SARS prevelant

2002, 2003

Where are most cases of SARS seen now

In research labs/ facilities

Transmission of SARS

close contact of an infected person, aerosol droplets, touching, contaminated surfaces, can be transmitted from urine, stool, and sweat.

Nonsocomial transmission was common

Symptoms of SARS

High Fever, Dry Cough, Shortness of Breath, Lower Resperatory Infections, Symptoms of COVID

At what point in the infection was SARS contagious

Once Symptoms presented

What does MERS stand for

Middle Easter Respiratory Syndrome

Where did MERS come from

Caromedary- Camel with one hump

General Characteristics of MERS

First Identified in 2012 in saudi Arabia

Likely found in bats and transmitted to humans

Transmission of MERS

Coughing/ respiratory secretion

Not much community spreading seen

Nonsocomial transmission responsible for 1/3 of total cases.

How long between symtoms and transmission of MERS

5 days

Initial Symptoms of MERS

Fever, Cough, Sore Throat, Body Aches

Later Symptoms

Acute Pneumonia

Renal Failure

High fatality 75%

Where does MERS replicate and why is this bad

It likes to replicate in the Kidneys which means if you do survive from it you will have kidney damage.

Precention Of MERS

Hand washing, Isolation, Mask wearing

Does Rabbies have a vaccine

Yes but it usually isn't given unless you are exposed to the disease

How is rabies transmitted

Commonly spread and carried in the United States by Bats

Commonly spread in india by dogs and monkeys

How rare is it to die of rabies in the united states

Very rare, More common to die from a vending machine.

Why don't dogs transmit Rabies in the United states

Because they have legally required rabies vaccines for dogs in the united states.

Where does rabies travel in your body.

Rabies travels in your nerves, You dont show symptoms for months. The virus will replicate wherever you are bitten, then move to your spinal chord, then finally move to your brain.

What is the chance of death with rabies

If you don't get treated for rabies you will almost definitely die.

How do you get rabbies

Bite from an infeted animal, organ donation from someone who has it.

How do we test for rabies in animals

Cut off a thin section of the brain to test.

How many cases a year are there of rabies outside the untied states

10-20 thousand

Initial Symptoms of Rabbies

Pain or Itching at the site of infection, fever, headache, malaise