Untitled Flashcards Set

18th Amendment

Prohibition amendment aimed to reduce crime and social problems caused by alcohol.

Prohibition enforcement

The 18th Amendment does not specify how prohibition would be enforced.

1920s advertisements

Persuaded consumers based on emotions and lifestyle, rather than product functions.

Organized crime and Prohibition

Prohibition led to a black market, enabling powerful criminal organizations.

Jazz Age impact

Revolutionized music, culture, and racial dynamics, bridging racial divides.

Assembly Line

Manufacturing process by Henry Ford that sped up production and decreased costs.

Reasons people wanted to work for Henry Ford

High wages ($5/day) and reduced hours with a 5-day workweek.

Installment plan vs Credit

Installment plan: fixed payments over time; Credit: flexible borrowing with deferred payments.

Teapot Dome Affair

Political scandal involving bribes for leasing federal oil reserves.

Reasons for the rise of the KKK

Fears of immigration, African American progress, and changing social norms.

Decline of the KKK

Internal corruption and public backlash against their tactics led to reduced membership.

Marcus Garvey's movement

Advocated for Black pride and economic independence; declined after legal issues.

Scopes Trial

1925 trial highlighting the conflict between science (evolution) and religion.

Calvin Coolidge’s role in economic growth

Supported pro-business policies, leading to economic expansion.

Black Thursday

October 24, 1929, significant stock market sell-off before the Great Depression.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, stock market crash that initiated financial panic.

Causes of the Great Crash

Over-speculation, bank failures, overproduction, and uneven wealth distribution.

Herbert Hoover's responses to the Great Depression

Volunteerism, localism, Hawley-Smoot Tariff, and credit to banks.

New Deal

FDR's programs aimed at economic recovery and social reform.

Second New Deal

Continuation of New Deal with more aggressive reforms, including Social Security.

Dust Bowl causes

Severe drought, over-farming, and high winds leading to soil erosion.

Effects of the Dust Bowl

Mass migration, economic hardship, and destruction of farmland.

Causes of the Great Depression

Stock market crash, bank failures, high unemployment, and reduced international trade.

Farmers in the 1920s as a warning sign

Struggled economically, foreshadowing larger economic collapse.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff purpose

To protect American industries by taxing imports.

Negative effects of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Retaliatory tariffs from other countries reduced global trade.

Fireside chats benefit

Reassured public and restored confidence in government efforts.

Four-day bank holiday reasons

Prevent bank runs and stabilize banks before reopening.

21st Amendment purpose

Repealed Prohibition to boost economy and reduce crime.

New Deal changes to government role

Expanded federal government’s involvement in economy and social welfare.

Civil Conservation Corp (CCC)

Provided jobs in conservation projects.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Regulated the stock market.

Social Security Act (SSA)

Created pensions and unemployment benefits.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Created public works jobs.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Insured bank deposits to prevent failures.

New Deal relief limitations

Only provided some relief; full recovery came with WWII.

Deficit spending on WWII impact on Great Depression

Created industrial and employment opportunities, reviving the economy.

U.S. Isolationism vs Collective Security and WWII

Avoidance of international involvement allowed aggressor nations to expand unchecked.