Exam 2 , CH 5- Principles of Psychology

consciousness

the state of being awake & aware of one’s surroundings

awareness vs. arousal

awareness: what you notice & know about

arousal : how awake and activated you are

Levels of Awareness

Higher- level = focused (ex.solving a math problem)

Lower-level = automatic (ex.driving a familiar route & not remembering every turn)

Altered consciousness= changed (ex. sleep, dreaming, drug- induced, hypnosis)

Unconscious = none (ex. deep sleep, coma)

biological rhythms

regular patterns of physiological activity in the body

circadian rhythms

biological rhythms that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle & help regulate sleep, body temp, hormone release & alertness levels

why do we sleep ?

restoration , adaptation, growth, memory

sleep disorders

insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, nightmares, sleepwalking & eating

dreaming

sequence of images, thoughts, emotions, and sensations that occur during sleep

Theories related to dreams

Freud: dreams symbolize unconscious wishes

manifest content : what actually happens in the dream

latent content: true meaning behind the dream

cognitive theory

part of normal mental processing ; mirrors concerns, activities, and experiences

activation synthesis theory

brain’a attempt to make sense of neural activity

theories for hypnosis

dissociation: hypnosis causes a split in consciousness

social cognitive theory: hypnosis is a result of expectations, beliefs, and social influence