Gastrointestinal System: Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, morphology, and histology of Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD).

Cirrhosis

End stage liver disease characterized by disruption of lobular architecture, formation of regenerating parenchymal nodules, and fibrosis.

Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)

The accumulation of collagen $\text{type I}$ and $\text{type III}$ within the liver architecture.

Clotting factor changes in Cirrhosis

Reduction in liver function leading to $\uparrow PT$ and $\uparrow aPTT$, which results in bleeding manifestations.

Albumin synthesis in Cirrhosis

A decrease in production leads to a reversed Albumin: Globulin ratio and the development of edema.

Portal HTN clinical signs

Elevated portal pressure resulting in splenomegaly, caput medusae, ascites, and edema.

Defective estrogen metabolism signs

Manifestations including gynecomastia, spider nevi, palmar erythema, decreased testes size, and hair thinning or absent pubic hair.

Micronodular cirrhosis

Cirrhosis characterized by nodules $< 3\,mm$; causes include early alcoholic liver disease, hemochromatosis, $1^{\circ}$ biliary cirrhosis, and Indian childhood cirrhosis.

Macronodular cirrhosis

Cirrhosis characterized by nodules $> 3\,mm$; causes include late stage alcoholic liver disease, Wilson's disease, and viral hepatitis.

Masson's trichrome

A pathology stain used for collagen that colors fibrous septa blue.

Masson Fontana

A specific pathology stain used for the identification of melanin.

Masson bodies

Pathological structures identified in cases of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.

Steatosis

The earliest stage of Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD), appearing grossly as a soft, yellow, and greasy liver.

Alcoholic Hepatitis

A stage of ALD characterized by liver inflammation and neutrophil infiltration.

Fetor hepaticus

A characteristic breath odor associated with the clinical presentation of cirrhosis.

Enzyme deficiency cause of Cirrhosis

Specifically associated with $\alpha_1$ antitrypsin deficiency.