Chapter 6: Solutions

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to solutions as discussed in Chapter 6.

Solution

A homogeneous (uniform) mixture of two or more substances (atoms, molecules, ions).

Solute

The substance in a solution that is present in a smaller quantity.

Solvent

The substance in a solution that is present in a larger quantity.

Aqueous solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Miscible

Describes two liquids that mix in all proportions.

Immiscible

Describes two liquids that do not mix, resulting in distinct layers.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, often affected by temperature and pressure.

Dynamic equilibrium

A state in which the rate of dissolving and the rate of precipitation are equal.

Henry's Law

States that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid at constant temperature.

Saturated solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature.

Unsaturated solution

A solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve.

Concentrated solution

A solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent.

Dilute solution

A solution that contains a small amount of solute relative to the solvent.

Solubility rules

General guidelines to predict whether an ionic compound will dissolve in water.

Polar molecules

Molecules that have a significant difference in electronegativity between atoms, resulting in a partial charge.

Non-polar molecules

Molecules that do not have significant differences in electronegativity, resulting in charge neutrality.

Alloy

A mixture of two or more metals that have metallic properties.