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Inoculate

The introduction of microorganisms or other substances onto the tissues of living organisms or culture media such as agar plates

Extracellular digestion

A process where organisms feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto their food. Digested food is then absorbed.

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as a biological catalysts (i.e increase the rate) of chemical reactions.

Parasite

An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) which benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense.

Pathogen

A disease causing microorganism

Aerobic respiration

Respiration when there is oxygen present.

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration without oxygen.

Sterile

Free from all living bacteria or other microorganisms and their spores.

Fermentation

The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates by bacteria, yeasts or other microorganisms.

Pasterisiation

The process of heating a food to a specific temperature for a length of time to kill microorganisms, and then cooling them immediately

Denature

Destroy the characteristic properties of a protein (typically and enzyme) by heating, or other methods.

Decomposer

An organism that breaks down dead or decaying organic matter

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen gas into a more usable form such as ammonia or nitrates.

Denitrifying bacteria

Bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrates into gaseous nitrogen and nitrous oxide.

Carbon cycles

The circulation of carbon in the environment, especially from the atmosphere into organisms and back again.

Nitrogen cycle

Cyclic movement of nitrogen in different chemical forms from the environment, to organsims, then back into the environment.

Sewage treatment

The process of removing contaminates from wastewater and household sewage

Antibiotic

A substance produced by some fungi, bacteria or other organisms, or synthesised by humans that can destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Food posioning

A gastrointestinal illness characterised by inflammation, vomiting, and diarrhoea, usually caused by food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria

Toxin

A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease.

Vaccine

A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen that upon administration stimulates antibody production and immunity against the pathogen.

Imunity

The protection of the body by the immune system from disease caused by and infectious pathogen.

Disesese transmission

The passing of a disease from an infected individual or group to a previously healthy individual or group.

Disinfectant

An agent (as heat or radiation or a chemical) that disables microorganisms that might otherwise cause disease

Osmotis

The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Flagellum

Whip like tail used to move to find new nutrients

Cell Wall

A hard wall on the outside of a cell that gives the cell its shape.

Cell membrane

A semi-permeable membrane which controls what leaves and enters a cell.

Ribosome

Used to make proteins.

Gentic material

Contains the genetic code.

Cyptoplasm

A jelly like substance inside a bacteria which suspends all the organelles.

Bacteria

Are procaryotes because they are unicellular, and have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Slime layer

Protection for viruses and white blood cells and keeps the bacteria moist

Saprotrophic

Feed on dead organic matter

Respiration

Is the extraction of energy from food and the conversion of that into something the bacteria can use.

Anaerobic respiration in bacteria

Sugar ---------> Lactic Acid + Some energy

Anaerobic respiration in fungi

Sugar ------> Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Some energy

Mycelium

the network of hyphae

Hyphae

Fine threads which make up the structure of fungi, there are ones for feeding and reproduction.