BCBA Section G

A procedure is only reinforcement if it

increases behavior over time

Reinforcement procedures must prioritize the…

temporal relation between the response and consequence (contiguity)

Escape procedure

terminates an aversive stimuli

Avoidance procedures

prevents or delays the onset of aversive stimuli

Bootleg Reinforcement

Earning reinforcement without engaging in the proper response

DRD (differential reinforcement of diminishing rates)

progressively lowering the required number of responses to meet a smaller criterion

DR is used WITHOUT extinction when…

total extinction is dangerous or impractical

Time based reinforcement is an…

antecedent intervention

Satiation acts an

AO

Setting a baseline for time based intervals must be…

shorter than the average time between problem behaviors

Pairing

repeatedly the neutral stimulus immediately before or alongside the known reinforcer

simple discrimination

When one antecedent stimulus evokes a response that is reinforced while responding in the presence of other stimulus is not

stimulus control evaluation

latency or % of correct responses

Conditional Discrimination

occurs when the reinforcing effectiveness of one stimulus depends on the presence of another stimulus

most common conditional discrimination

match to sample

stimulus overselectivity

focusing on a small portion of the SD that controls behavior

whats the prereq for stimulus equivalence

conditional discrimination

Prompt

supplemental antecedent stimuli that are given before or during a response to increase the likelihood of the correct behavior

Graduated Guidance

type od physical prompt where the therapist provides manual guidance as needed and immediately fades it

if indepedent data is low and prompted data is high the ____ procedure is failing

fading

transfer of stimulus control

successful fading procedure ensures the behavior occurs because of the natural antecedent

time delay

systematically increasing the time between the SD and the prompt

within prompt fading

reducing the magnitude of the prompt

four defining features of imitation

model

formal similarity

immediacy

controlled relation

Rule Governed Behavior

Behavior controlled by a verbal description of an ABC contingency (not directly contacted reinforcement)

instructional integrity

if a written or described consequence is never delivered the rule will lose its evocative effect over time

response consequence is delayed at least ____ seconds in rule governed Bx

30

shaping results in…

emergence of a new behavior that was not in the repertoire or modifies a dimension of the behavior

Shaping across topographies

developing a new form of behavior

Shaping within topographies

the form of a behavior stays the same but a dimension changes

Reinforcement Shift

once an approximation is mastered it becomes the new baseline and the previous step is put on extinction

Extinction based Variability

when reinforcement is withheld for a previous approximation the behavior varies slightly

In chaining the stimulus change functions as _____ for that response and a _____ for the next

conditioned reinforcer, SD

Backward chaining is used for

low motivation and escape maintained behavior

single opportunity (chaining assessment)

stop the assessment as soon as an error is made

multiple opportunity (chaining assessment)

if the learner misses a step, the observer completes it and the learner goes to the next step

measurement of DTT

percentage or trials to criterion

free operant learning involves

manipulation of the MO and environmental arrangement

DTT is used first for _____ a behavior, Free Operant is used for ____ and ____

shaping, maintenance, generalization

Dependent Group Contingency

Depends on 1 person or a subset of people (Hero")

What do you have to make sure of in Dependent group contin.

its a performance deficit, not skill deficit

Interdependent Group Contingency

reinforcement is delivered only if every member of the group meets the criterion (all or nothing)

Interdependent group contin. is the best at…

fostering teamwork (good behavior game)

If one person is sabotaging the group you can…

move them to a independent contingency

Stimulus generalization

when behavior is evoked by stimuli that was not present during training or new settings

response generalization

untrained behaviors that are functionally equivalent to the trained bx

Positive Contrast

behavior improves in the treatment setting but worsens in the nontreatment setting

Negative Contrast

Behavior worsens in treatment setting and improves in the nontreatment setting

Generative Performance

where a learner emits a new untrained response that results from relations

stimulus equivalence

teaching a student that 3 completely different things mean the exact same thing

Relational Frame Theory

explains how humans learn to relate stimuli based on context cues (bigger than, opposite)