Preterito simple irregulars

What happens to AR & ER verbs where the stem changes in the present tense?

The stem doesn't change in the preterito, instead the verb is conjugated like other regular verbs

What happens to verbs ending in -gar, example with jugar

The g in the yo form changes to gu, e.g. yo jugué

What happens to verbs ending in -zar, example with empezar

The z in the yo form changes to c, e.g. yo empecé

Which stem-changing verbs keep the same stem change in the preterito?

IR verbs which have an E --> IE or E --> I stem change

Which stem changing verbs use a slightly different stem change in preterito?

IR verbs which have an O --> UE stem change change to U instead

Which subjects in the preterito have a stem change, when there is one at all?

Only the 3rd person has the stem change when it is kept/changed, so el, ella, ellos, ellas

What is the common pattern of endings for irregular verbs?

e, iste, o, imos, isteis, ieron

Which irregular verbs fit in completely with the common irregular endings? (10)

Andar (to walk), caber, estar, haber, poder, poner, querer, saber, tener, venir

Which irregular verbs almost fit completely with the common irregular pattern?

decir, hacer, traer

Andar stem

Anduv

caber stem

cup

estar stem

estuv

haber stem

hub

poder stem

pud

poner stem

pus

querer stem

quis

saber stem

sup

tener stem

tuv

venir stem

vin

hacer stem

hic

hacer exception

3rd person becomes hizo not hico to keep pronunciation

decir and traer stem, which other verbs follow this pattern

dij and traj, verbs ending in -ducir follow the stem of -duj

decir and traer exception, which verbs is this the same for

ellos/ellas gets rid of i at the start of the ending, same for verbs ending in -ducir

ver conjugation

vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron

which verb is conjugated the same as ver?

dar, just swap v for d

conjugation of ir and ser

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

Example: he saw

vio

Example: they produced (producir)

produjeron

Example: I said

dije

Example: You (tu) did

hiciste

Example: we had

tuvimos

Example: i was able

pude

Example: you (vosotros) were (estar)

estuvisteis

Example: they went

fueron

dar stem

d, same as ver but d instead of v

dormir yo present tense + preterito endings

yo duermo, yo dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron