CH101 - Exam 4 Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from CH101 Exam 4 material.

Amide

A functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a nitrogen atom (N).

IUPAC Naming

A systematic way of naming chemical compounds as prescribed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

pH

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, calculated as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration.

[OH-] Concentration

The concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.

Carboxylic Acids

Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH), polar and typically acidic.

Glycosidic Bond

A type of covalent bond that connects a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule, such as another carbohydrate.

Aldotetrose

A monosaccharide with four carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group.

Strong Acid

An acid that completely dissociates into its ions in solution, e.g., HNO3.

Neutral Solution

A solution where the concentration of hydronium ions [H3O+] equals the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH-], pH = 7.

Basic Solution

A solution with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydronium ions, resulting in a pH greater than 7.

Hydronium Ion

A positively charged ion formed by the combination of water with a hydrogen ion, represented as [H3O+].

Functional Groups

Specific groups of atoms within a molecule that are responsible for its characteristic reactions.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Ionic Bond

A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Primary Amine

An amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to one alkyl or aryl group and two hydrogens.

Secondary Amine

An amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups and one hydrogen.

Tertiary Amine

An amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl or aryl groups.

Arrhenius Concept

A theory stating that acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydronium ions, while bases produce hydroxide ions.