HSCI lec 12 infections

can herpes be transmitted via toilet seats

no

what type of infections does STI include vs STBBI

STI: sexually transmitted pathogen

STBBI: sexually transmitted or blood borne pathogen

HPV, HIV, HCV. which is both sexually transmitted and blood borne? which is mostly blood borne? which is mostly sexually transmitted?

HIV both

HCV mainly blood borne

HPV mainly sex

true or false: all STIs can be asymptomatic

true (symptoms may not be present)

parasitic vs viral vs bacterial STI’s. which is easy to treat, which is mostly cured with antibiotics, and which cannot usually be cured

parasitic - EASY to treat/cure

bacterial - most cured with antibiotics

viral - most cant be cured (but are managed)

which STI are these examples of: HPV, herpes, hepatitis B.

viral STI (HPV and hep B have vaccines)

which STI are these: trichomoniasis and pubic lice

parasitic

which STI type are these: chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea

bacterial

whats PID pelvic inflammatory disease? caused by?

-PAINFUL inflammation of uterus or ovaries or fallopian tube

-cause by untreated STI

whats Urethritis? caused by?

painful inflammation of urethra (cause by untreated STI)

whats Epididymitis

painful swelling/inflammation of epididymis (untreated STI cause)

most common STI in canada? what type is it

chlamydia (bacterial) (found in semen/vaginal fluid)

chlamydia asymptomatic or not? symptoms fro each gender?

mostly asymptomatic (75% female 50% male dont notice)

-thick cloudy discharge from vag/pen/anus (THINK CHLAMYDIA=CLOUD for cloudy discharge)

-female: pain, irregular/painful period

-male: irritation at urethra

-both: HURT WHILE PEE

how can chlamydia be transmitted? 2 most common ways?

most common: vag/anal sex

-also oral or during childbirth and can be spread to eyes

if chlamydia left untreated, how long do symptoms go on for? what abt infection

symptoms only a month

infection stay for months

diagnosis and treatment for chlamydia

diagnosis: swab + urine test

treatment: oral antibiotics, azithromycin, doxycycline

factors that put u at high risk of chlamydia

more than 2 sex partners per year

new sex partner

previous STIs

sexually active under 25 years olf

street youth

what STI is known as the “clap, drip, and burn” and is second most common in canada. what type is it

gonorrhea (bacterial)

main sites of infection of gonorrhea?

vag, cervix, urethra, anus, rectum, mouth, throat

-can also infect eyes

is gonorrhea asymptomatic? what are symptoms

yes

-pus-like yellow/green discharge

-if oral: throat pain

-painful peeing OR pooping (chlamydia is only pee)

-hurt during sex, vaginal bleed,

what is DGI disseminated gonococcal infection

-untreated, systemic complicatoin of gonorrhea

-rashes, joing pain, athritis, etc

-minimal genital symptoms

gonorrhea transmission

sex and oral

pregnanct

childbirth

can spread to eyes

can gonorrhea affect pregnancy

yes, PID (infertility), scar fallopian tubes, likely ectopic pregnancy

diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea

diagnosis: swab, urine, blood test

treat: chlamydia treatment recommended. also oral/injectable antibiotics

whats one of the earliest recorded STIs. what type is it

syphilis (bacterial)

briefly explain 4 stages of syphilis

1. primary - swell lymph nodes (site of contact) & painless ulcers/chancres. if UNTREATED → primary symptoms leave within 3 weeks and progress to secondary

2. secondary - RASHES, loss of weight/hair, fever & pain, tired, flat lesions, patches of erosion/whitish skin

3. latent stage - NO SYMPTOMS (can last decades)

4. tertiary - SYSTEM effects: blood vessels, heart, eye, brain damage (paralysis or mental illness), gummas, organ failure, or DEATH

syphilis transmittion and risk factors

transmit: sex, oral, drug injection, pregnancy/childbirth mom to child (congenital syphilis)

risk factors: gay sex, sex workers, street involvement, drug injectors, previous sti

what is congenital syphilis

syphilis passed from mom to kid during pregnancy/childbirth

syphilis diagnosis/one treatment

diagnosis: visual inspection during primary/secondary

blood test: detect antibodies

treatment: INJECTED PENICILLIN

type 1 vs type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV)

HSV type 1: orolabial (mouth+lips) and anogenital (anus+genital)

HSV type 2: anogenital

is there a cure for herpes

no (virus remain in nervous system

herpes symptoms

-blistery lesions (mainly lips n genitals)

-prodromal symptoms (before blister): itchy, burn, pain, sensitive, numb, pins n needles

12-36 hrs later, pus-filled bubbles develop

-swollen lymph nodes

-blisters open, crust over, disappear

herpes transmittion

sex, oral, kiss, childbirth, caretaker to kid (cold sores), shedding

is herpes asymptomatic? are most ppl aware they have it

yes asymptomatic, most ppl dont know they have it

herpes potential health outcomes

infected blisters

urinary tract symptoms

kids infected from childbirth may have neuro issue/death

stigma

herpes diagnosis/treatment

diagnosis: visual, swab, blood test

treatment: antiherpetics, antivirals, oral antivirals, supressive therapy for ppl more than 6 outbreaks a year

when is suppressive therapy recomended for ppl with herpes

have 6 or more outbreaks a year

approx what percent of canadian adults have herpes

50%

what does HPV stand for?

human papillomavirus

most prevalent sti in canada

HPV

low vs high risk types of HPV

low (type 6 & 11): genital warts or low grade disease

high (type 16 & 18): precancerous lesions or cancer

common symptoms of HPV?

mostly asymptomatic

-warts

-abnormal pap exams

-may develop into precancerous conditions

HPV transmittion

skin to skin

sex (even fingers and oral)

whats nonsexual risk factor of hpv

smoking

how long do most cases of HPV take to clear

1-2 years (immune system fights off)

HPV diagnosis

if warts, visual exam

pap smear for cervix (HPV DNA test at same time)

biopsy for conformation

HPV treatment (for warts vs precancer vs cancer)

for genital warts (removed, cryosurgery, laser, topical medication)

for precancerous lesions of cervix: cryosurgery

cancer: chemo, radiation, surgery

how often pap tests

BC: every 3 years (age 25 to 69)

names of 2 HPV vaccines in canada, how many HPV types they protect against. what gender for

1. Gardasil 9 (protect against 9 HPV types) for both genders

2. Cervarix (protect against 2 HPV (16+18) female only

what does HIV stand for

human immunodeficiency virus

what does HIV cause (and symptoms)

-SLOW DAMAGE to IMMUNE system (destroy CD4 T-cells)

-can be asymptomatic for many years

-flue-like symptoms + enlarged lymph nodes

-without treatment = AIDS and death

HIV transmittion (3 main ways)

SEXUAL contact: thru blood/fluid.

-HIGHEST RISK: sex

-lower risk: oral + sex toys

BLOOD exposure:

-inject drug/share needles

-blood transfusion

PERINATAL

-mom to kid labour

-breastfeed

what virus may be passed thru breastfeeding

HIV

HIV outcome with sustained antiretroviral therapy

-immune damage stopped

-unlikely to transmit

-near normal life span

when did the first drug combo (ARV) come out to stop HIV from becoming AIDS?

1996 (before this, HIV into AIDS then death in 3-5 years)

if a person with HIV uses ARV (antiretroviral) therapy, what happens? what happens when they stop?

-viral load drop to low level (may be non-infectious)

-NO CURE so virus return if ARV stopped

what type of STI is hepatitis

virus

compare hepatitus A vs B vs C and who they are most prevalent amont

Hepatitis A: closed communities (like prison)

Hepatitis B: countries where blood products not screened

Hepatitis C: inject drugs or blood products not screened

-gay men with HIV

ALL MOST COMMON IN MSM (men sex with men) BUT HEPATITIS C is most common with MSM WITH HIV

hepatitis transmission for each type A B C

HAV: fecal-oral & oral-anal

HBV: blood, drug, sexual contact (fluids, share sex toys)

HCV: blood, drug

remember: A for anal in prison, B for blood/drug/sex, C for blood/drug

hepatitis symptoms. then treatment for each type A B C

symptoms: jaundice (yellow eye/skin), flu symptoms, abdominal pain

treat:
HAV: specific treatment, vaccine

HBV: antiviral drugs (most ppl recover), vaccine

HCV: antiviral drugs (most cases curable)

C for curable

Whats the most common NON bacterial NON viral STI? (not common in canada)

Trichomoniasis (Tri - chomo - niasis) parasitic STI

how is Trichomoniasis spread

vagina sex

(less common is anal oral)

female vs male symptoms of trichomoniasis

male: USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC

-urethra irritation, discharge, urine/ejaculate pain

female: -might by asymptomatic

-yellow/green discharge (bad odor), genital irritation/itching, urine pain

trichomoniasis health outcomes

-infertility, premature delivery

-pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, endometriosis (inflamed uterus)

diagnosis and treatment of trichomoniasis

diagnose: swab vagina/urethra

treatment: ORAL medication (high risk for reinfection, sex partners must also be treated)

whats the parasitic STI name for “crabs”

pubic lice

is pubic lice same as head lice

no

what do pubic lice feed on? how spread? how long can survive without host

-blood in warm/moist areas

-spread thru sex/towels/bedding

-can only survive one day without host

pubic lice symptoms

itching

adult lice can be seen (size of sesame seed)

eggs laid at base of pubes (yellow/white, maybe not visible)

pubic lice diagnosis/treatment

-visual examination

-treatment: prescription shampoos, ointments (toxic to lice)

-WASH ALL clothes/bedding in hot water

screening vs testing

screening: test for STI without symptoms

testing: have reason you think u may have STI (had unprotected sex)