B3

Polymers

Macromolecules made of long chains of monomers held together by chemical bonds.

Polysaccharides

Long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides

Proteins

Amino acid chains that often have different properties than their sub-units.

Glucose

A weak and very soluble simple sugar.

Cellulose

A macromolecule of glucose that is insoluble and tough, used for cell wall formation in plant cells.

Cells need

Water, oxygen, salts, and food.

All cells consist of

Water, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, salts, and vitamins (or their derivatives).

Carbohydrates

Simple, soluble sugars or complex materials like starch or cellulose, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Glycogen

A polysaccharide that forms food storage substances in animal cells.

Starch

A polysaccharide composed of hundreds of glucose molecules, an important storage substance in plant cells.

Fats

The solid form of lipids, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Fats and oils

Made of three molecules of fatty acid and one molecule of glycerol.

Protein

A chain of amino acids that can have structural or enzymatic functions in cells.

Structural proteins

Help maintain the structure of the cell, found in the cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, and chromosomes.

Enzymes

Proteins that control chemical reactions in cells.

Water

Cells are composed of 75% water and it acts as a solvent for substances in cells.