bio quiz vocab

The father of Evolution

Darwin

* Traveled on the HM.S. Beagle around the world, specifically to the Galapagos Islands where he studied finches and turtles

Darwin

* Wrote *“On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”*

Darwin

* Proposed the theory of Natural Selection

Darwin

* Recognized the connections between geological processes and geological features.

James Hutton

* Proposed that forces beneath Earth’s surface can push upwards to build mountain rangers

James Hutton

* Proposed the idea called the Law of Use and Disuse

Jean Lamark

* One of the first scientists to understand that change occurs over time

Jean Lamark

* First person to group similar organisms and assign them Latin names.

Carolus Linnaeus

* Came up with the idea for Binomial nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus

* Humans = *Homo sapien*

Carolus Linnaeus

* Proposed the theory of Uniformitarianism

Charles Lyell

* Proposed that the Earth was millions of years old.

Charles Lyell

* Wrote *“The Principles of Geology”*

Charles Lyell

* Observed babies being born faster than people were dying

Thomas Malthus

* Reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone

Thomas Malthus

* Came to the conclusion of natural selection independently of Darwin

Alfred Russel Wallace

* Wrote a letter to Darwin with his ideas which prompted Darwin to publish his book

Alfred Russel Wallace

An inherited trait that enhances an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce

Adaptation

an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce

Fitness

A change in DNA that gives rise to genetic variation among individuals

Mutation

An explanation based on evidence tested many times

Theory

The change in a population’s gene pool over time

Evolution

Dissapreance of species on the earth

Extinction

Difference among individuals of a species

Natural Variation

When a farmer chooses which animals will survive and breeds them to pass on their traits

artificial Selection

The process by which traits that improve an organism’s chance for survival are passed down more often

Natural Selection

The process by which a new species is generated

Speciation

A structure that doesn’t serve a purpose in an organism, but did in the common ancestor

Vestigial

Structures that are similar in the embryos, but different in the adult forms

Homologous

*Similarities in early development*

Embryonic Development

*Evolution that we can see in action during a small amount of time*

Microevolution

*Homologous – related structures inherited from common ancestor*

*Vestigial – present structures that serve no apparent purpose*

 Body Structures

*Similarities in DNA sequences*

Biological Molecules

*All information about past life that can provide evidence about the history of life on Earth*

The Fossil Record

* Believed species were fixed creation arranged by their complexity

Aristotle

The origin of the universe; happened 15 billion years ago

Big Bang

Began 4.6 Billion years ago and ended 542 million years ago; longest span of time in Earth’s history; 88% of Geologic Time Scale –

precambrian time

Began 542 million years ago and ended 251 million years ago; dominated by aquatic life

paleozoic era

Began 248 million years ago and ended 65 million years ago; “Age of Reptiles”

Mesozoic Era

Began 65 million years ago and still ongoing; “Age of Mammals”

Cenozocic era

The longest divisions of geologic time; there are only two

eons

The next longest division of time after eons

eras

Smaller units of time; divisions of eras

periods

Divisions of periods; smallest units of time on the geological time scale

epochs

Cells living inside other cells; working together as one cell

endosymbiosis

Evolutionary relationships among organisms that helps show common ancestry

phylogeny

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Cladogram

Last point which two organisms shared a common ancestor

node

Characteristics that appear in recent organisms, but not in older members

derived charaters

* Group of organisms with common ancestors –

**Clade**