principles exam final

what is text

the narrative discourse, a structured sequence of (linguistic or other) signs

what is sjužet

particular arragement or organization of fictional events

what is fabula

logically related events perceived by a charcter, usually going forward in time

what is anachrony

differences between the arrangement in the sjužet and the chronology of the fabula 

retroversion

anachrony going backwards in time  Called subjective if a particular character’s narration or perspective is used to go back to events earlier in the fabula (“flashback” 

anticipation

anachrony going forwards in time

what perspective of narration is Scandal in Bohemia

“Scandal in Bohemia”: “first-person” or character-bound narration (CN) 

what perspective/ narration is The Contractors

“The Contractors”: “third-person” or external narration (EN) ▶ EN can have privileged access to multiple characters’ minds ▶ because of EN, we know what Sandra and Sandie don’t

charcter bound narration

the person telling the story is also an actor in the fabula

external narrator

the person telling the story is not an actor in the fabula If they say “I,” they are perceptible EN(p); otherwise they are EN(np) 

direct reported discourse

quotes someone's exact words using quotation marks (" "), maintaining the original tense and tone

indirect reported discourse

paraphrases or summarizes what was said without quotation marks, usually changing the tense (backshifting), pronouns, and time expressions to fit the narrator's perspective 

free indirect discourse

blending third-person narration with a character's subjective voice, thoughts, or feelings without using quotation marks or tags like "she thought"

what discourse is this quote from P&P: Charlotte the wife of Mr. Collins, was a most humiliating picture!— (96) 

▶ free indirect discourse 

▶ no reporting verb

▶ context indicates main clause is reported discourse 

▶ tense and person match discursive context

irony

implicates the utterer’s disapproving or distanced attitude about a metarepresentation 

focalization

the relation between the elements of the fabula and the vision through which they are presented. Who narrates and who perceives may be distinct. 

• EF external focalization: the point of view is not attached to any actor in the fabula (is “omniscience” really a thing?) 

• CF character-bound focalization: the point of view is attached to a character 

Anne Bradstreet wrote what

The author to her book

important poems

• Emily Dickenson - Tell all the truth but tell it slant

• Anne Bradstreet - The author to her book

• Langston Hughes - Harlem

• Rae Armantrout - Will

• any shakespeare sonnet

• John Newton - Amazing Grace

• Anna Letitia Barbauld, ¶“Washing-Day” (1797).

• Agha Shahid Ali, “Tonight” (1996).

• W.B. Yeats, ¶“Leda and the Swan” (1923).

• John Keats, ¶“Ode on a Grecian Urn” (1819).

• Herman Melville, ¶“Shiloh” (1862).

• Shahid Call me Ishmael Tonight

• ¶Conan Doyle, “A Scandal in Bohemia.”

retroversion

Anachrony going backwards in time. Deemed subjective if a character’s persepctive is going back in time to events earlier in the fabula

Anticipation

anachrony going forwards in time