Batteries

high energy density

battery

high power density

supercapacitor

Electrical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)

two electrodes with high specific surface area emersed in electrolyte

pseudo-capacitor

thin layer of RedOx phase nanostructure to store additional charge

fire resistant casing

casing to contain fire in lithium ion battery if it occurs

Positive Temperature Coefficient Device (PTC)

analogous to circuit breaker, two metal layers with different thermal expansion coefficients that bend and disrupt current flow at high temperature

Shutdown Separators

porous polymer layers that melt at high temperature, blocking the flow of ions to prevent thermal runaway

dendrite formation

formation of dendrites reduces the distance between electrodes at the dendrite peaks, this reduces resistance leading to higher current accelerating dendrite growth until the peaks meet leading to short circuit

surface electrolyte interference (SEI)

resistive layer forms between the electrolyte and surface of the electrode leading to reduced operation voltage

loss of capacity

disconnection or decomposition of active material, reducing amount of active material able to participate in process