Trauma, mobile & surgical radiography

-Take 2 projections 90 degrees to each other with a true CR-part-IR alignment

-Be sure to include the entire structure or trauma area on the IR

-Maintain safety of the patient, health care workers, & the public

What are the 3 basics positioning principles to keep in mind?

Orthogonal views

Two projections at 90 degrees (at right angles to each other) are called:

Contusion

A "bruise-type" injury without a fracture or break in the skin:

Sprain

Forced wrenching or twisting of a joint, resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligament:

A sprain

What is seen as soft tissue swelling on x-ray?

Dislocation

A bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation:

Subluxation

A partial dislocation of a joint; common in the vertebral column:

Fracture

A disruption in a bone usually caused by mechanical forces:

-simple (closed) fracture

-compound (partial) fracture

What are the 2 main classifications of fractures?

Simple fracture

A fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin:

Compound fracture

A fracture in which a portion of the bone protrudes through the skin:

Complete fracture

Fracture through the bone that is broken into 2 pieces (transverse):

Incomplete fracture

Fracture does not transverse through entire bone (green stick):

Comminuted fracture

Bone is splintered or crushed, resulting in 2 or more fragments:

Impacted fracture

One fragment firmly driven into another (shaft into head; common in proximal end of femur, humerus, ulna):

3-5 degrees caudad

How much do you angle on any AP supine chest to simulate the PA projection?

-Confidence

-Communication

-Problem-solving skills

-Mastery

What four skills must a radiographer have when working in the OR?

-The patient

-Surgical field

-Surgeon

-Surgical assistants

-Surgical equipment on the sterile field

-Draped tables & carts

The sterile area in an OR consists of:

1 foot distance

How much of a distance should you keep from the sterile areas in an OR?

False

Radiographic equipment can be operated in sterile areas without being draped. T/F

True

If radiographic equipment is to be brought near a sterile area or passed over the surgical field, then it must be draped with a sterile barrier. T/F

-Scrubs

-Head cover

-Shoes/shoe covers

-Masks

What does proper surgical attire consist of?

True

The radiographer should always turn on & check the unit before a procedure begins. T/F

-Time

-Distance

-Shielding

What are the 3 cardinal rules of radiation protection?

Portable shields

Besides lead aprons, OR rooms usually have __________________________ that can be moved around the room.

Operative Cholangiogram

An x-ray procedure done to demonstrate anatomy of the biliary ductal system & drainage into the duodenum:

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

What surgery is a operative cholangiogram done as a part of?

-AP

-Slight RPO

-Slight LPO

What are the most common projections during a cholangiogram procedure?

Operative retrograde urography

An x-ray procedure done to demonstrate the ureters, renal pelvis & calyces:

Pacemaker

A medical device implanted in the chest or abdomen that uses electrical impulses to regulate the heart beat:

-Pacemaker insertion

-Spinal procedure (Laminectomy)

-Other spinal procedures

What procedures use a C-Arm for fluoroscopic guidance & imaging?

Closed reduction

Alignment of the fracture by manual manipulation:

Open reduction

Alignment of a fracture through a surgical incision & implantation of screws, plates, & rods:

ORIF (open reduction with internal fixation)

An open reduction surgery where hardware is implanted to align a fracture:

External fixation

The use of an orthopedic device outside the patient to immobilize bone & align fractures:

Intramedullary fixation

The use of rods & nails inserted into the shaft of a long bone to stabilize fractures:

Hip pinning

A type of ORIF to repair hip & proximal femur fractures. An orthopedic surgeon will implant a variety of hardware to reduce & stabilize the fractures:

-Femoral neck repair

-Intertrochanteric repair

-Subtrochanteric repair

What are the main types of hip pinning?

Subluxation

What type of dislocation is shown?

Complete fracture (transverse)

What type of fracture is shown?

Incomplete fracture (greenstick)

What type of fracture is shown?

Comminuted fracture

What type of fracture is shown?

Impacted fracture

What type of fracture is shown?

Cholangiogram

What procedure?

Retrograde urogram

What procedure?

Pacemaker insertion

What procedure?

Femoral neck repair

What type of hip pinning is shown?

Intertrochanteric repair

What type of hip pinning is shown?

Subtrochanteric repair

What type of hip pinning is shown?