Midterm Review

Which of our Critical Equations is/are reversible?

Only 1 and 3

At a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian’s cat’s vitals included a 101°F temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristian correctly realized that

His cat is utilizing our Critical Equation #1 in the forward direction to have these vitals.

Utilizing our Critical Equation , we correctly know that an increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in a pH.

3 – decreasing

While working in the Party Room, you were asked to compare and contrast our Critical Equations. In accomplishing this task, you correctly realized that you were doing which level of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy?

Analyzing

Dr. Gray went for a dog walk at 2000 the last two nights. Each night the dog got frightened by the crowd of people near a local business. Tonight, Dr. G. is planning on dog walking at 1800 to be ahead of the crowd. This action is an example of

Actually, none of these correctly describes Dr. G’s actions tonight.

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems?

They most typically return their parameter to set point.

On a recent, frigid morning, Phys Phab Mia was shivering while walking to lecture. She correctly realized that her shivering to stay in is an example of a physiology .

Steady state – mechanism

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh’s hands got very cold walking to lecture yesterday morning. On arrival at the building, warm water was used to help raise their temperature. Carmen correctly realized that

Wearing insulated gloves this morning was a feedforward process

Dr. Scarlet has required Patient X to complete a “stress test” which involves running on a treadmill at increasingly difficult levels. At the end of the test, Patient X’s body temperature is elevated at 101.3°F. Dr. S. correctly realizes that Patient X will utilize __ pathway(s) to regain typical body temperature.

Both their afferent and efferent

Based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to ____ the material by doing actions such as ___

Understand – paraphrase technical definitions

Which is a correct statement about physiology?

The physiology of humans is often not identical to the physiology of other organisms.

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that

Neither statement is correct

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms?

Neither statement is correct

At a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian’s cat’s vitals included a 101°F temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristian correctly realized that

His cat’s body temperature is maintained by a homeostatic control system.

A metal mold was used to create delicious buckeyes (chocolate-coated peanut butter candies). Attempting to improve the results, the chocolatier increased the volume of peanut butter used in the mold. Consequently, you correctly realize this change caused the pressure in the molds to ____ and the volume (V) in our Critical Equation to _____.

Increase – be unchanged

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems?

They most typically return their parameter to set point.

 On a recent, frigid morning, Phys Phab Mia was shivering while walking to lecture. She correctly realized that her shivering to stay in ____ is an example of a physiology _____

Steady state – mechanism

UGTA Allison recently took a night-shift job. Consequently, she correctly knows that she will need to ____ to this change by shifting her circadian _____.

Acclimate – period

Dr. Scarlet has required Patient X to complete a “stress test” which involves running on a treadmill at increasingly difficult levels. At the end of the test, Patient X’s body temperature is elevated at 101.3°F. Dr. S. correctly realizes that Patient X will utilize __ pathway(s) to regain typical body temperature.

Both their afferent and efferent

 Based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to ___ the material by doing actions such as _____.

Understand – paraphrase technical definitions

Which is a correct statement about physiology?

It is a combination of four other prominent sciences.

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that

The volume of the balls was not being changed.

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms?

They are always a feedforward process.

At a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian’s cat’s vitals included a 101°F temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristian correctly realized that

His cat is in steady state.

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems?

They require trade-offs across different systems.

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh’s hands got very cold walking to lecture yesterday morning. On arrival at the building, warm water was used to help raise their temperature. Carmen correctly realized that

The warm water was a part of a negative feedback process.

Based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to the ____ material by doing actions such as ____.

Analyze – differentiate the items in a set

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that

Neither statement is correct.

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms?

Neither statement is correct.

Gap junctions are formed by ____ and allow the flow of the ___ fluid compartment between the two cells

Connexins – largest

While your Phys Phriend group was discussing bonds in physiology, you heard one correctly state that

Hydrophobic bonding is not a type of covalent bonding.

Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh correctly told you that

 Each organ is exclusive from other organs.

Based on numbers of each found within a typical plasma membrane, which is a correct pairing that has the less abundant one then the more abundant one?

Proteins – cholesterol

Water striders (a type of insect) can “walk” along the top of Mirror Lake directly because of __ allowing water to support their weight.

Partial charge attractions

Dr. Scarlet sends samples of hepatocytes (liver cells) and beta cells (pancreatic cells) from Patient X to the lab for analysis but forgets to label them with the cell type, just patient name. The analysis from the lab allows Dr. S. to still know which sample was from which source because, while their ____ were identical, their ___ were distinctly different.

Genomes – lipidomes

During last Thursday’s lecture, a student took GTA Sidney’s pencil to take their own notes. Sidney correctly realized that this student was acting like a(n) ____ with her being a ____.

Oxidant – healthy cell

Which is a correct statement about the junctions?

The mid-sized fluid compartment can move around gap junctions.

 Growth hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) and causes changes in the liver and skeletal muscles. Consequently, you can correctly state that the growth hormone

Is not an autocrine.

Brutus Buckeye is feeling ill. To hopefully get better rest to recover sooner, he takes melatonin to help him sleep. Hearing afterwards about his action, you correctly tell Brutus that he

Took an antioxidant.

For the communication methods, _____ can correctly be combined because they are the only two that ______.

Neither statement is correct.

Which is a correct statement about junctions?

Both statements are correct.

Fascia is the term for a layer of connective cells that is fibrous and commonly found around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Fascia would be best described as

A tissue.

Which is a correct statement about the glycocalyx?

It is unique for most individuals.

Dr. Gray notices that an image today of the cells in Patient Y’s thymus gland are further away from each other than an image of those same cells taken last year. Dr. G. correctly expects that Patient Y’s

Neither statement is correct.

Gap junctions are formed by ____ and allow the flow of the ____ fluid compartment between the two cells.

Integral proteins – largest

While your Phys Phriend group was discussing bonds in physiology, you heard one correctly state that

Hydrophobic bonding is not a type of covalent bonding.

Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh correctly told you that

The skin is an organ that contains epithelial cells.

Water striders (a type of insect) can “walk” along the top of Mirror Lake directly because of __ allowing water to support their weight.

Noncovalent bonds

During last Thursday’s lecture, a student took GTA Sidney’s pencil to take their own notes. Sidney correctly realized that this student was acting like a(n) ____ with her being a ____.

Free radical – pathogen

Which is a correct statement about the junctions?

Cadherins help form desmosomes.

Growth hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) and causes changes in the liver and skeletal muscles. Consequently, you can correctly state that the growth hormone

Is not an autocrine.

Brutus Buckeye is feeling ill. To hopefully get better rest to recover sooner, he takes melatonin to help him sleep. Hearing afterwards about his action, you correctly tell Brutus that he

Both statements are correct.

For the communication methods, ____ can correctly be combined because they are the only two that ____.

Paracrines and neurotransmitters – utilize the mid-sized fluid compartment

Which is a correct statement about junctions?

Both statements are correct.

Which is a correct statement about the glycocalyx?

It is created by short chains of carbohydrates with many branches.

Dr. Gray notices that an image today of the cells in Patient Y’s thymus gland are further away from each other than an image of those same cells taken last year. Dr. G. correctly expects that Patient Y’s

Neither statement is correct.

Gap junctions are formed by ___ and allow the flow of the ____ fluid compartment between the two cells.

Connexins – largest

While your Phys Phriend group was discussing bonds in physiology, you heard one correctly state that

Oxygen (O2) is lipophilic and does not participate in hydrogen bonding

Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh correctly told you that

There are fewer tissue primary types than organs

Water striders (a type of insect) can “walk” along the top of Mirror Lake directly because of __ allowing water to support their weight.

Hydrogen bonds

Which is a correct statement about the junctions?

Cadherins help form desmosomes

Growth hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) and causes changes in the liver and skeletal muscles. Consequently, you can correctly state that the growth hormone

Is sent to non-adjoining cells

Brutus Buckeye is feeling ill. To hopefully get better rest to recover sooner, he takes melatonin to help him sleep. Hearing afterwards about his action, you correctly tell Brutus that he

Extended how long he felt ill

For the communication methods, ____ can correctly be combined because they are the only two that ____.

 Paracrines and neurotransmitters – utilize the mid-sized fluid compartment

Which is a correct statement about junctions?

Both statements are correct

Which is a correct statement about the glycocalyx?

It is typically only found on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane

Dr. Gray notices that an image today of the cells in Patient Y’s thymus gland are further away from each other than an image of those same cells taken last year. Dr. G. correctly expects that Patient Y’s

 Collagen might be damaged

Which is a correct statement about protein channels? 

Mechanically-gated channels are opened when the plasma membrane is stretched. 

Hot chocolate is essentially hot water with various compounds added to it. During this cold stretch, GTA Kristian developed his own, special salty-n-sweet hot chocolate. To 0.5 L of hot water, you add 40 mol cocoa, 10 mol glucose, and 5 mol salt. What is the osmolarity? 

120 osm 

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ____ will appear ____ than RBC ____. 

1 – spikier – 2 

Secondary active transporters directly rely on _____ created by ____

Concentration gradients – transporters 

During a single cycle of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, _____ ATP(s) is/are used and ____ ion(s) is/are moved against a gradient 

One – both 

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein 

Is creating gradients for both of the compounds  

Road salt greatly increases the osmolarity of the nearby soil. Brutus Buckeye (offspring of a plant) correctly realizes that plants in this altered soil will ___ water ____ the soils which will result in those plants ____. 

Lose – to – dehydrating 

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle make ATP via ____ method(s) and do so in ____ locations within the cell. 

The same – different 

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A? 

Its diffusion will be from its area of higher concentration to lower concentration 

Which is a correct statement about how an ion might move into a cell? 

It moved with a second compound so might have used a secondary active transporter 

Which is a correct statement about movement across a plasma membrane? 

Transporters are never open to both sides 

Which is a correct statement about diffusion? 

Its rate will increase if the surface area between the two areas increases 

During a relaxing, slow jog around campus, Dr.Gray stopped off at the RPAC to workout his upper limbs with free weights. Between repetitions, Dr.G correctly realized that for both of these exercises 

Neither statement is correct 

During a recent sprint to lecture, Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh had their muscles work anaerobic. On entering the lecture hall, they correctly realized that their ATP production was occurring. 

Only via glycolysis 

Which is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump? 

It causes sodium to move against its gradient and out of the cell 

Which is a correct statement about protein channels? 

Never require energy from our Critical Equation #1 to power the movement through them 

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ___ will appear ___ than RBC ___ 

2 – smoother – 1 

Secondary active transporters directly rely on ____ created by ____ 

Concentration gradients – transporters 

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utizilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein  

Cannot be the sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A? 

Its diffusion will be from its area of higher concentration to lower concentration  

Which is a correct statement about how an ion might move into a cell? 

It moved with a second compound so might have used a secondary active transporter 

Which is a correct statement about movements across a plasma membrane? 

It sometimes occurs via integral proteins 

Which is a correct statement about diffusion? 

Its rate will increase if the surface area between the two areas increases 

During a relaxing, slow jog around campus, Dr.Gray stopped off at the RPAC to workout his upper limbs with free weights. Between repetitions, Dr.G correctly realized that for both of these exercises 

He was directly powering the exercise by running our Critical Equation #1 in the forward direction 

During a recent sprint to lecture, Your Phellow Physer Carmen OH had their muscles work anaerobic. On entering the lecture hall, they correctly realized that their ATP production was occuring 

Only via substrate phosphorylation 

Which is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump? 

All three statements are correct 

Which is a correct statement about protein channels? 

Calcium channels only allow calcium to move through them 

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ____ will appear ____ than RBC ____. 

2 – bigger – 1 

Secondary active transporters directly rely on ____ created by ____ 

Concentration gradients – transporters 

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein 

Is creating gradients for both the compounds 

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A? 

If it was the only solute present, the cell's osmolarity is lower than the interstitial fluid 

Which is a correct statement about movement across a plasma membrane? 

Both statements are correct 

Which is a correct statement about diffusion? 

Neither statement is correct