Health Promotion Final Exam Study Guide

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, definitions, and important organizations related to health promotion, providing a comprehensive review for the final exam.

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; tracks diseases, provides public health data, and prevention guidelines.

NIH

National Institutes of Health; conducts medical research and advances scientific knowledge.

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture; responsible for nutrition guidelines, food safety, and dietary recommendations.

HHS

Department of Health and Human Services; oversees public health and sets national health policies.

NCSL

National Conference of State Legislatures; helps create state-level health policies and laws.

Determinants of Health

Factors that affect health, including biology/genetics, behavior/lifestyle, social environment, physical environment, and healthcare access.

Social Determinants of Health

Factors affecting health related to social circumstances, such as income, education, employment, social support, access to healthcare, and neighborhood/environment.

Leading Cause of Death (Overall)

Heart Disease.

Leading Cause of Death (Ages 15-24)

Unintentional injuries (accidents).

Moderate Physical Activity Guidelines

150 minutes per week.

Vigorous Physical Activity Guidelines

75 minutes per week.

Stress - Physiological Responses

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, release of cortisol & adrenaline, faster breathing, muscle tension.

USPSTF Grading System A

Strongly recommended.

4 Steps of Effective Health Promotion

1. Assess the problem; 2. Develop strategy/intervention; 3. Implement program; 4. Evaluate results.

Factors Influencing Eating Behavior

Culture, family habits, media/advertising, cost/income, availability/access, emotions, education/knowledge.

Healthcare Cost (2018)

About $10,000–$11,000 per person per year.

Built Environment

Human-made surroundings that affect health, such as parks, sidewalks, buildings, food access, and transportation.

Levels of Prevention - Primary

Prevent disease through methods like vaccines and exercise.

Levels of Prevention - Secondary

Early detection methods such as screenings.

Levels of Prevention - Tertiary

Manage disease through rehabilitation and treatment.

Non-Profit Organizations

Focused on improving public health without profit motives.

Geographic Health Patterns

Certain regions show higher comorbidities due to poverty, limited healthcare access, and lifestyle differences.

Nutrition & Health Risks

High sugar intake increases diabetes risk; high sodium can lead to hypertension; high saturated fats are linked to heart disease.

Cholesterol - LDL

Low-Density Lipoprotein, known as 'bad' cholesterol, increases heart disease risk.

Cholesterol - HDL

High-Density Lipoprotein, known as 'good' cholesterol, offers heart protection.

Health Fair

Community events that offer screenings, education, and health resources.

Social Ecological Model

Levels of influence: Individual, Interpersonal, Organizational, Community, Public Policy.

50% in Need of Health Promotion

Roughly 50% or more of the population requires health promotion focused on prevention needs.

Theory vs Model

Theory explains behavior (why it happens); Model is a framework to understand or predict behavior.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood and sleep.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter responsible for alertness and stress response.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement.

GABA

A neurotransmitter that calms the nervous system and reduces anxiety.

Internal Factors (Health)

Genetics and metabolism.

External Factors (Health)

Environment and social influences.

Economics of Health Promotion

Scarcity creates demand and incentives for decision-making based on limited resources.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Includes brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system; activates fight or flight response.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system; promotes rest and digest functions.

Quick Memory Tips - LDL

Lousy cholesterol (bad).

Quick Memory Tips - HDL

Healthy cholesterol (good).

Quick Memory Tips - Sympathetic

Associated with stress.

Quick Memory Tips - Parasympathetic

Associated with peace.