Section IV: Arab Crisis - Collapse of the Soviet Union

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

Organization created in 1964 to represent Palestinians.

Sought an independent Palestinian state.

Six-Day War

1967 war between Israel and neighboring Arab states.

Israel captured Gaza, Sinai, West Bank, and Golan Heights.

Resolution 242

United Nations resolution after the Six-Day War.

Called for Israeli withdrawal and peace in the Middle East.

Yom Kippur War

1973 surprise attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria.

Led to major oil crisis and peace negotiations.

Camp David Accords

1978 peace agreement between Egypt and Israel.

Brokered by Jimmy Carter.

Balfour Declaration

1917 British statement supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Increased Jewish migration to the region.

Prague Spring (1986)

1968 reform movement in Czechoslovakia.

Crushed by Soviet military invasion.

Reagan

Ronald Reagan was U.S. president during the 1980s.

Strongly opposed Soviet communism during the Cold War.

Glasnost

Soviet policy meaning “openness.”

Allowed more freedom of speech and information.

Perestroika

Soviet policy meaning “restructuring.”

Reformed the Soviet economy and government.

Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last leader of the Soviet Union.

Introduced Glasnost and Perestroika reforms.