Domestic Influence on Foreign Policy; Congress, Bureaucracy, Groups

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Last updated 7:49 PM on 5/9/26
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11 Terms

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Congress’s Constitutional Powers

  • Requiring the executive to report all commitments abroad

  • placing restrictions on funding

  • limiting the war powers of the president

  • congressional oversight

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Commitment making

  • congressional laws have compelled the executive to report international commitments made

  • Limited success

  • attempt at transparency

  • executive is often late in reporting

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War Powers

Attempted restrictions on president’s ability to deploy US forces without congressional authorization

  • limited success

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Conditions that president can introduce armed forces

  1. Declaration of war

  2. Specific statutory authorization

  3. national emergency created by attack on the US, territories, or armed forces

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War Powers rules

  • president should consult with congress before sending forces

  • president will provide written report within 48 hours

  • can only deploy for 60 days without authorization

  • congress can vote to remove troops

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Goal of the war powers

  • keep restraint on presidential war making

  • keep congress informed of US conflict

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Reality of the war powers

  • Not very effective

  • reporting was not complete and often late

  • presidents rarely fully comply

  • consulting with congress has been mixed

  • affected by partisan politics

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Congressional Funding

Funding power held by congress

  • steering foreign policy objectives through funding provisions

  • earmarking of funds for specific purposes

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Congressional Oversight

the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation by the U.S. Congress

  • increase in reporting requirements

  • attempt to hold the executive accountable

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Congressional Oversight Problems

  • Partisan politics

  • decline in congressional expertise on foreign policy compared to executive

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Interest groups

  • Enhance political participation

  • Increase public awareness of an issue

  • Monitor government programs

  • attempt to shape policy

  • provide useful information