Mechanisms

what are the reagents and conditions for the halogenation of alkAnes

Reagent: Alkane and Halogen (X2)

Conditions: UV light

Name and Outline the mechanism for the reaction between CH4 and Cl2

Free radical substitution

Reagent and Conditions for the reaction of alkEnes with halogens

Reagent: alkene and halogen (X2)

Condition: 298K

Name and Outline the mechanism for the reaction between ethene and bromine

electrophilic addition

name of mechanism for the reaction of alkene with a hydrogen halide

Draw it (ethene and hydrogen bromide)

electrophilic substitution

reagent and conditions for the reaction of sulfuric acid and alkenes

Reagent: alkene + conc. H2SO4

Conditions: 298K

name and outline the mechanism for the reaction between propene and sulfuric acid

electrophilic addition

reaction between hydrogensulfate and water conditions? whats produced

conditions: phosphoric acid catalyst,

steam

reagent and conditions for the hydrogenation of alkenes

reagent: H2 (g)

condition: nickel catalyst

reaction of halogenoalkanes with OH- to form alcohols reagent and conditions

reagent: KOH or NaOH (AQUEOUS)

conditions: aqueous and warm

name and outline the mechanism for the hydrolysis of bromoethane

nucleophilic substitution

reagent and conditions for halogenoalkanes reacting with cyanide ions

Reagent: KCN

Conditions: in ethanol, warm

name and outline the mechanism for chloromethane and KCN

nucleophilic substitution

reagent and conditions for halogenoalkanes reacting with ammonia

2 roles of ammonia?

Reagent: excess ammonia

Conditions: dissolved in ethanol, warm, in a sealed tube

Roles: nucleophile, base

name and outline the mechanism for the reaction between chloromethane and excess ammonia

nucleophilic substitution

reagent and conditions for the reaction of a halogenoalkane forming an alkene

reagent: KOH or NaOH

conditions: (aq) +dissolved in ethanol + hot

name and outline the mechanism for the reaction between bromoethane and KOH(aq) ethanolic +hot

elimination

reagent and conditions for alkenes forming alcohols

reagent: H2O(g) steam

conditions: H3PO4 60atm 300*C

name and outline the mechanism for the ethene reacting with water

hydration

reagent and conditions for alcohols turning into alkenes

reagent: concentrated H2SO4 [H2SO4]

conditions: high temperature

name and outline the mechanism for the formation of but-1-ene from an butan-1-ol

elimination

when a primary alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde,

-general equation?

-reagent and conditions?

-observations?

-apparatus?

• R-CH2OH + [O] -> RCHO + H2O

-primary alcohol + H2SO4 (aq) + K2Cr2O7

-orange -> green

-immediate distillation

when a primary alcohol is oxidised to a carboxylic acid,

-general equation?

-reagent and conditions?

-observations?

-apparatus?

• R-CH2OH + 2[O] -> R-COOH + H2O

• -primary alcohol, H2SO4(aq), K2Cr2O7

-orange -> green

-reflux