Basics of organic chemistry

Nomenclature

Naming molecules using specific rules

Functional groups

The group of atoms that is responsible for a compounds characteristics

Skeletal formula

Shows only the carbon bonds. Has to include double bonds and non carbon and hydrogen atoms

Types of organic compounds

Aromatic and aliphatic

Aromatic

Contain a benzene ring

Aliphatic

Contain hydrogen and car bonds joined in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Alicyclic

An aliphatic compound that contains a non-aromatic ring

Alkyl groups

A hydrocarbon branched chain. Have a general formula of CnH2n+1

Unsaturated

A Compound that contains at least on carbon carbon double bond

Saturated

Compounds that contain only single bonds

Meth

One carbon

Eth

2 carbons

Prop

3 carbons

But

4 carbons

Pent

5 carbons

Hex

6 carbons

Hept

7 carbons

Oct

8 carbons

What to add to prefix to name branched alkanes

yl e.g methyl