Lab Identification

Humerus (Greater Tubercle)

The large lateral bony prominence on the proximal humerus that is an attachment site for three rotator cuff muscles

Humerus (Lesser Tubercle)

The smaller anterior bony prominence on the proximal humerus that is the attachment site for the subscapularis muscle

Radial Styloid

The bony prominence at the distal end of the radius located on the thumb side of the wrist

Radial Tuberosity

The bony bump on the upper radius just below the head that acts as the attachment point for the biceps brachii tendon

Olecranon

The large prominent curved bone at the top end of the ulna that forms the hard point of the elbow

Pisiform

A small pea-shaped carpal bone located on the pinky-side of the wrist sitting within a tendon

Triquetrum

The pyramid-shaped carpal bone in the proximal row located just under the pisiform on the medial side of the wrist

Lunate

The crescent-shaped carpal bone in the proximal row located right in the center of the wrist

Scaphoid

The boat-shaped carpal bone located on the thumb side of the proximal row that is the most commonly fractured carpal bone

Scapular Acromion

The large bony extension at the top of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle

Axillary Artery

The major blood vessel of the axilla armpit region serving as a continuation of the subclavian artery

Brachial Artery

The major blood vessel of the upper arm serving as a direct continuation of the axillary artery

Radial Artery

A branch of the brachial artery supplying the lateral thumb side of the forearm and a common site for taking a pulse

Ulnar Artery

A branch of the brachial artery supplying blood to the medial pinky side of the forearm

Upper trunk (C5-C6)

A major nerve bundle in the brachial plexus formed by the union of the C5 and C6 cervical nerve roots

Lower trunk (C8-T1)

A major nerve bundle in the brachial plexus formed by the union of the C8 and T1 nerve roots

Lateral Cord

A part of the brachial plexus formed by the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks

Radial Nerve

The major nerve extending down the posterior arm and forearm that innervates the triceps and wrist and finger extensors

Median Nerve

The major nerve running down the midline of the anterior arm that innervates most flexors and passes through the carpal tunnel

Posterior Cord

A part of the brachial plexus formed by all three posterior divisions that gives rise to the radial and axillary nerves

Axillary Nerve

A nerve branching off the posterior cord to innervate the deltoid and teres minor muscles of the shoulder

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A nerve branching off the lateral cord to innervate the anterior flexor muscles of the upper arm like the biceps brachii

Ulnar Nerve

The major nerve running down the medial side of the arm that passes behind the medial epicondyle also known as the funny bone

Medial Cord

A part of the brachial plexus formed by the anterior division of the lower trunk

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle/Tendon

A muscle in the anterior forearm that flexes the middle joints of the four fingers

Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle/Tendon

A deep anterior forearm muscle whose specific job is to flex the thumb

Hypothenar Compartment

The fleshy muscular group located at the base of the little finger pinky on the palm

Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle/Tendon

A posterior forearm muscle that moves the thumb away from the hand and extends it

Lumbricals

Four small muscles in the hand that flex the knuckles while extending the finger joints

Thenar Compartment

The fleshy muscular group located at the base of the thumb on the palm

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle/Tendon

A deep anterior forearm muscle that flexes the very tips of the fingers

Triceps Muscle

The large three-headed muscle on the back of the upper arm responsible for extending the elbow

Deltoid Muscle

The large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint which is the primary abductor of the arm

Infraspinatus Muscle

A rotator cuff muscle located below the spine of the scapula that externally rotates the arm

Supraspinatus Muscle

A rotator cuff muscle located above the spine of the scapula that initiates the lifting and abduction of the arm

Biceps Brachii Muscle/Tendon

The two-headed muscle on the front of the upper arm responsible for elbow flexion and turning the palm upward

Subscapularis Muscle

A rotator cuff muscle located on the front surface of the scapula that internally rotates the arm

Extensor Digitorum Muscle/Tendon

A posterior forearm muscle that travels down to extend the four medial fingers

Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle/Tendon

A posterior forearm muscle whose tendon forms the inner border of the anatomical snuffbox and extends the thumb

Ischial Tuberosity

The lowest part of the pelvis the sit bone that anchors the hamstring muscles

Femur Lesser Trochanter

A smaller medial bony prominence serving as the attachment site for deep hip flexors

Femoral Head

The rounded top of the femur that fits directly into the pelvis to form the hip joint

Femur Greater Trochanter

The large lateral bony prominence that serves as a major attachment point for the gluteal muscles

Fibula Head

The bony prominence at the top outside of the lower leg where the fibular nerve tightly wraps around it

Tibia Medial Malleolus

The inner ankle bone where tendons from the calf bypass behind it to enter the foot

Tibial Tuberosity

The bony bump on the upper front of the tibia where the massive quadriceps tendon anchors

Navicular

A wedge-shaped foot bone positioned right in front of the talus acting as a keystone for the foot arch

Talus

The highest bone of the foot articulating directly with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint

Calcaneus

The heel bone which acts as the anchor point for the Achilles tendon

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Exits the pelvis below the piriformis to provide motor innervation to the gluteus maximus

Piriformis Muscle

A deep gluteal muscle that rotates the hip and is a key landmark where the sciatic nerve emerges below it

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

The largest superficial gluteal muscle that primarily extends the hip

Gluteus Medius Muscle

Deep to the gluteus maximus abducts the hip and keeps the pelvis level during walking

Biceps Femoris Muscle

The lateral hamstring muscle located on the posterior thigh

Sciatic Nerve

The massive nerve that runs down the deep posterior thigh before splitting above the knee

Semitendinosus Muscle

The superficial medial hamstring muscle

Semimembranosus Muscle

The deep medial hamstring muscle sitting just under the semitendinosus

Fibularis Longus Muscle

Lateral lower leg muscle that everts and plantarflexes the foot

Soleus Muscle

The broad muscle deep to the gastrocnemius in the calf

Gastrocnemius Muscle

The superficial two-headed calf muscle that merges into the Achilles tendon

Superior Gluteal Artery

Exits the pelvis above the piriformis muscle to supply upper gluteal structures

Posterior Tibial Artery

Artery that supplies the posterior leg compartment and travels into the sole of the foot

Fibular/Peroneal Artery

Branches off the posterior tibial artery to supply blood to the lateral aspect of the calf

Popliteal Artery

The direct continuation of the femoral artery once it passes behind the knee joint

Fibular Nerve

Branch of the sciatic nerve that wraps around the fibula head to innervate lateral and anterior lower leg muscles

Tibial Nerve

The larger medial branch of the sciatic nerve traveling straight down the posterior calf

Anterior Tibial Artery

Artery traveling down the front of the leg alongside the extensor hallucis longus

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

The continuation of the anterior tibial artery once it crosses the ankle joint to supply the top of the foot

Femoral Artery

The major artery traveling down the front of the thigh

Quadriceps Muscles

Four muscles forming the bulk of the front thigh that converge to extend the knee

Sartorius Muscle

A long diagonal superficial muscle of the anterior thigh that flexes and rotates the hip

Deep Femoral Artery

Branches off the femoral artery high in the thigh to supply deep muscle tissues

Femoral Nerve

Travels alongside the femoral artery to stimulate the quadriceps and sartorius muscles

Gracilis Muscle

The most superficial medial adductor muscle of the inner thigh

Adductor Magnus Muscle

The largest deepest medial adductor muscle featuring a hiatus gap for the femoral artery

Obturator Nerve

Passes through the pelvis to weave through and stimulate inner thigh adductor muscles

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Deep inside the knee joint that prevents the tibia from sliding too far forward

Posterior Tibialis Muscle

The deepest muscle in the posterior calf

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Anterior lower leg muscle that extends the big toe and dorsiflexes the foot

Cervical Vertebrae

The top 7 vertebrae of the spine located in the neck region

Thoracic Vertebrae

The 12 vertebrae in the mid-back that articulate with the ribs

Lumbar Vertebrae

The 5 large thick vertebrae in the lower back that bear the majority of the body weight

Atlas

The first cervical vertebra C1 that lacks a true body and supports the skull

Axis

The second cervical vertebra C2 that allows the head to rotate side-to-side

Odontoid Process

The prominent peg-like tooth-like structure extending upward from C2 that acts as a pivot point

Transverse Process

Lateral bony projections sticking out from the sides of a vertebra for muscle or ligament attachment

Spinous Process

The posterior bony projection of a vertebra that you can feel under your skin down the middle of your back

Lamina

The flat sheet of bone forming the roof of the spinal canal

Transverse Foramen

Specific holes found only in cervical vertebrae that allow vertebral arteries to pass to the brain

Iliocostalis Muscle

The most lateral column of the erector spinae muscle group attaching outwardly to the ribs

Longissimus Muscle

The intermediate middle and longest column of the erector spinae muscle group

Spinalis Muscle

The most medial column of the erector spinae group located right next to the spine

Multifidus Muscle

Deep back muscles split into many tiny bundles that sit directly in the grooves of the spine

Thoracolumbar Fascia

The large diamond-shaped sheet of dense connective tissue spanning the mid-and-lower back

Sacrum

The triangular bone at the very base of the spine consisting of 5 fused vertebrae

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Connective tissue band running down the back surfaces of the vertebral bodies inside the spinal canal

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Strong connective tissue band running down the front surfaces of the vertebral bodies

Trapezius Muscle

Large superficial kite-shaped muscle of the upper back and neck that moves the scapula

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Broad flat superficial muscle of the lower back the lats that extends and adducts the arm

Levator Scapulae Muscle

Muscle situated in the posterior neck that elevates the shoulder blade