Blood

Main function of blood

Transport substances regulate pH protect body

What are the four main components of blood?

Plasma red blood cells white blood cells platelets

Liquid portion of blood

Plasma

What percent of blood is plasma mostly?

About 55 percent

Main protein in plasma

Albumin

What does albumin help maintain?

Osmotic pressure

What are erythrocytes?

Red blood cells

Main function of red blood cells

Carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide

What protein carries oxygen in RBCs?

Hemoglobin

What mineral is needed for hemoglobin?

Iron

Where are blood cells produced?

Red bone marrow

What hormone stimulates RBC production?

Erythropoietin

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells

Main function of white blood cells

Defend against infection

What are thrombocytes?

Platelets

Main function of platelets

Help blood clot

What is hematocrit?

Percent of blood volume made of RBCs

Low hematocrit may indicate what?

Anemia

High hematocrit may indicate what?

Dehydration or excess RBCs

What is anemia?

Low oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Common symptom of anemia

Fatigue

What is polycythemia?

Too many red blood cells

What risk increases with polycythemia?

Blood clot risk

What is hemostasis?

Process that stops bleeding

Three steps of hemostasis

Vascular spasm platelet plug coagulation

What is vascular spasm?

Constriction of damaged vessel

What is platelet plug?

Platelets stick and block break

What is coagulation?

Formation of fibrin clot

What protein forms mesh in clot?

Fibrin

What is a thrombus?

Clot in unbroken vessel

What is an embolus?

Traveling clot or object in blood

What are the five major leukocyte types?

Neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils

Most abundant white blood cell

Neutrophil

What do neutrophils mainly fight?

Bacteria

What do lymphocytes include?

B cells and T cells

What do monocytes become in tissues?

Macrophages

What do eosinophils often respond to?

Parasites and allergies

What do basophils release?

Histamine and heparin

What blood type has A antigens?

Type A

What blood type has B antigens?

Type B

What blood type has both A and B antigens?

Type AB

What blood type has no A or B antigens?

Type O

Universal donor for RBCs

O negative

Universal recipient for RBCs

AB positive

What does Rh positive mean?

Rh antigen present

What may happen if incompatible blood is given?

Agglutination and hemolysis

What is agglutination?

Clumping of red blood cells

What is hemolysis?

Destruction of red blood cells

What is leukopenia?

Low white blood cell count

Low WBC count raises risk of what?

Infection

What is thrombocytopenia?

Low platelet count

Low platelets increase risk of what?

Bleeding

What carries nutrients hormones and wastes?

Plasma

If hemoglobin drops what decreases?

Oxygen delivery

If platelets are low what process is impaired?

Clotting

If neutrophils are low risk of what rises?

Bacterial infection