Entomology: Exoskeleton
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28 Terms
What are the Greek/Latin roots of exoskeleton?
Exo = out, outside
What are 6 functions of the exoskeleton?
- protection from biotic and abiotic elements
- retain water
- muscle attachments (apodemes)
- respiration through spiracles
- mate attraction
- housing internal structures
- flexibility and movement
What are 3 drawbacks to having an exoskeleton?
- having to molt
- limits body size
- needing innervation (hair-like sensors)
What purpose does the epicuticle serve?
Protection and prevention of water loss
Where is the epicuticle located?
The outmost side
How many layers make up the epicuticle layer?
3: Cement layer, wax layer, cuticulin
What is the middle layer of the exoskeleton called?
The procuticle
How many parts make up the procuticle?
2: Endocuticle and Exocuticle
What is the exocuticle?
Thick, hard plates, called sclerites
What is the endocuticle?
Thin, membrane-like
What is the innermost layer of the exoskeleton?
The cuticle
How many parts make up the cuticle?
2: epidermis and basement membrane
Which layer of the exoskeleton is living?
The epidermis, called cloner cells, secretes necessary proteins through pore canals
What is the purpose of the basement membrane?
To prevent water loss while molting
What parts of the exoskeleton are not shed?
The epidermis and basement membrane
What is the name of the process that uses sclerotin to harden the exoskeleton?
Sclerotization
What is the name of the process that binds sclerotin and chitin when oxygen is present?
Tanning
What is the Latin meaning of cuticle?
Skin
What is the Greek/Latin root of epicuticle?
Over/skin
What is the Greek/Latin root of procuticle?
Before/skin
What is the Greek/Latin root of exocuticle?
out, outside/skin
What is the Greek/Latin root of endocuticle?
Inner/skin
What is the Greek/Latin root of epidermis?
Over/skin
What is the Greek/Latin root of sclerotin?
Hard
What is the Greek/Latin root of chitin?
a tunic
What is chitin?
A cellulose-like material
What is sclerotin?
A protein
How is flexibility in the exoskeleton achieved?
Endocuticle