Important Figures

What term did Walter B. Cannon coin?

Homeostasis

What phrase did Claude Bernard coin?

la fixite du milieu interieur

What term did Hans Selye coin?

General Adaptive Syndrome

What is Einthoven’s Triangle?

• Measure HR through limbs in salt water bath

• Inventor of EKG

What were Camillo Golgi and Satiago Ramon y Cajal awarded for?

Establishing the neuron as the fundamental unit of the cell

What was Otto Loewi’s experiment? What did he discover under Henry Dale?

• Stimulated a heart with another heart

• Discovered stimulation through electrical signaling

• Henry Dale discovered ACh as the first NT

What did Sydney Ringer’s lab tech discover?

Ca2+ is used for heart muscle contraction

Who discovered the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Andrew Huxley

Who was credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?

Watson and Crick

Which female led to the Watson-Crick discovery of DNA structure?

Rosalind Franklin

Who provided the experimental data that verified the double helix structure of DNA?

Maurice Wilkins

What happened to Phineas Gage?

• Prefrontal cortex lesion (rod went up his skull)

• Personality changes, unreliable

What did Paul Broca discover?

Broca’s area (speech)

What did Carl Wernicke discover?

Wernicke’s area (language comprehension)

What did Cajal say about neuroplasticity?

Mental exercise strengthens connections between neurons

What is Hebb’s Rule?

Neurons that fire together wire together

What did Hubel and Wiesel discover?

• During a critical period, plasticity is possible

• Shown through cortical remapping of kitten visual system

What did Hans Selye discover about stress?

It has a lot of effects on the body

What did Thomas Addision discover about the adrenal gland?

It is essential for life

What did Kendall, Reichstein, and Hench win a Nobel prize for discovering?

Cortisol

Who discovered the HPA axis?

Wiley Vale

Why is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek considered the “Father of microbiology?”

• Discovered the microbe, called it “animalcules”

• Invented the microscope

What did Elie Metchnikoff discover about gut bacteria?

Good bacteria is beneficial for the body

What did Theodor Escherich discover?

• Bacteria is linked to pediatric infections

• Discovered E. coli

What did Henry Tissier discover?

Bifidobacterium

What did Jeffrey I. Gordon and Rob Knight contribute to microbiome research?

• Characterized the role of human microbiome

• Developed computational techniques