Neuroplasticity

10 principles of Neuroplasticity

1. Use it or lose it

2. Use it and improve it

3. Specificity

4. Repetition matters

5. Intensity matters

6. Time matters

7. Salience matters

8. Age matters

9. Transference

10. Interference

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: neural networks not actively engaged in training can degrade

Use it or lose it

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: training creates dendritic growth and synaptogenesis within specific brain regions that enhance task performance

Use it and improve it

Long term depression occurs when ___ receptors are removed from the postsynaptic membrane and are less likely to be depolarized when ___ is released from the presynaptic neuron

AMPA // glutamate

This process occurs with training and begins the conversion of SILENT synapse to ACTIVE synapse

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Long term potentiation (LTP) process

-TRAINING: conversion of silent synapse to active synapse; glutamate binds to NMDA receptor + allows influx of calcium

-MORE TRAINING: AMPA receptors inserted into post-synaptic neuronal membrane = more receptors more likely to be depolarized

-EVEN MORE TRAINING: dendritic sprouting

-EVEN MOREEEE TRAINING: new synapses form

With training (part of LTP), ___ binds to ___ receptor and allows influx of Ca2+

Glutamate // NDMA

With continued training (part of LTP), AMPA receptors are inserted into post-synaptic neuronal membrane, what does this mean?

More receptors = more likely to be depolarized!

With even more training (part of LTP), ____ sprouting occurs and new ___ form

Dendritic // synapses

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: nature of training dictates nature of plasticity

Specificity

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: adequate repetition is required for lasting neural change

Repetition matters

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: there must be a sufficient challenge in order to create plasticity

Intensity matters

T/F: Wait until patient achieves "perfect" performance before increasing difficulty

FALSE!! Do not have to wait

How to monitor intensity?

HR, Borg

How to manage intensity for balance?

Rate of perceived stability (add pic in here)

Repetition + intensity = ___

Dosage

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: different forms of plasticity occur at different times during training

Time matters

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: training must be sufficiently rewarding to induce plasticity

Salience matters

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: younger brains experience plasticity more readily

Age matters

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: training on some tasks may enhance the training of other tasks

Transference

Name this principle of Neuroplasticity: training of one task can interfere with another task

Interference

T/F: cortical reorganization is always a good thing

FALSE!!!! Emotional trauma, chronic pain, phantom limb sensation, alloydynia

____ assumes that enhanced neural activity prior to or during training can facilitate the acquisition of long-term potentiation- (LTP) or long-term depression- (LTD) like mechanisms

Motor priming

Immediately following stroke, there is a (low/high) rate of change

HIGH!! (Graph from class)

Golfing and swinging a baseball bat is an example of (interference/transference)

Interference

What is recommended before task-specific training to have more neurotrophic factors present?

15-20 min cardiovascular exercise