Biology Mira Davis

Nucleus

Contains genetic information and produces nutrients.

Cell Membrane

Surrounds and protects the cell.

Cytoplasm

Protects and supports organelles inside the cell.

Mitochondrion

Converts energy stored in food for the cell to use.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Involved in making and processing proteins.

Golgi Apparatus

Takes proteins from the ER and moves them to different parts of the cell.

Lysosomes

Contains chemicals that help breakdown food.

Chloroplast

Captures energy from sunlight and converts it into food.

Cell Wall

Surrounds entire plant cell and provides support.

Vacuole

Carries materials and waste, maintaining pressure inside the cell.

What is the most basic unit of structure and function in all living things?

The cell.

What is an organism?

A living entity that can function independently, made of one or more cells.

What do all organisms need in order to live?

Energy, water, nutrients, and a suitable environment.

What is a multicellular organism?

Made up of multiple cells that work together, often with specialized functions.

Characteristics of multicellular organisms

Cellular specialization and levels of organization (cells, tissues, organs). Examples include humans and trees.

What is a unicellular organism?

Consists of a single cell that performs all necessary functions.

Characteristics of unicellular organisms

Simplicity and independence. Examples include bacteria and amoebas.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include animal cells and plant cells.

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Complex structures and larger size.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Simplicity and smaller size. An example is bacterial cells.

What is an organelle?

A specialized structure within a cell that performs specific functions.

Which type of organism is made up of specialized cells?

Multicellular organisms.

List the organelles only found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell.

Chloroplasts and cell wall.

Which organelle captures energy from sunlight?

Chloroplast, found in plant cells.