Bio Chap 5

Dehydration reaction

occurs when 2 monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Hydrolysis

Polymers dissembled using a reaction that is essentially the reverse of dehydration

Carb Structure

serve as fuel and building material

many monomers but glucose is the most Common

car dimers/dissacharides

maltose = glucose + glucose

Lactose = glucose + galactose

Sucrose = glucose + Fructose

carb functions

glucose (monomer) = quicks energy

starch (polymer) = stored energy in plants

glycogen (polymer) = stored energy in animals

cellulose (polymer) = structure in plants (g-b -g -b -g -b)

Protein structure

amino acid (monomer)

amino + carboxylic acid functional groups

amino acids differ in properties based on R groups

Protein Polymer structure

polypeptides, peptides, secondary fold, tertiary Fold

Proteins fold due to hydrogen bonding t other attractions + repulsions (+ & -)

polypeptides

chain of amino acids (Protein may be one chain or more)

small proteins can be called peptides

secondary fold

first fold of polypeptide structure

tertiary fold

second Fold of polypeptide structure

Function of protein

Amino acid (monomer) = emergency energy neurotransmission

protein (polymer) = Serve in cell membrane, enzymes, contraction, transport

Importance of protein shape

The shape of hemoglobin (protein) allows red blood cells to keep shape

antibodies

Antibodies

proteins made by white blood cells to recognize intruders, bind + destroy

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleotide: Sugar, base, phosphate

Function for nucleic acids

Nucleotide (monomer) = energy carrier molecule (ATP)

DNA (polymer) = Genetic code for proteins-each chain divided into genes

RNA (polymer) = aids DNA in Protein Synthesis

Lipid structure

all lipids mixpoorly or not at all w/water

consist of mostly of hydrocarbon regions

Triglyceride = polymer

phospholipid + phospholipid bilayer in cell membrane

Steroids (lipid)

series of hydrocarbon rings

used to make several hormones, bile, vitamin D

Function of lipids

Fatty acids (monomer) = steady energy hormones

Triglyceride (polymer) = stored energy

phospholipid (polymer) = cell membrane

Cholesterol (polymer) = Cell membrane + hormones