Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care The Basics Chapter 8

Nutrition

How the body uses food to maintain health

Nutrient

a substance that is necessary for growth and life; it provides energy, promotes growth and health, and helps regulate metabolism

Water

Is the most essential nutrient for life

Carbohydrates

Supply the body with energy and extra protein

Protein

Are part of every body cell. They are needed for tissue growth and repair

Fats

Helps the body store energy and absorb certain vitamins

Vitamins

Are substances needed by the body to function

Minerals

Maintain body functions. Minerals help build bones, make hormones, and help in blood formation

Vegetables and fruits

Good source of dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C/ Dietary fiber, folic acid, potassium, and vitamin C

Therapeutic Diets

Diets for people who have certain illnesses; also called special or modified diets

Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian Diet

excludes all meats, fish, and poultry, but allows eggs and dairy products

Lacto-Vegetarian Diet

eliminates poultry, meats, fish, and eggs, but allows dairy products

Ovo-Vegetarian Diet

omits all meats, fish, poultry, and dairy products, but allows eggs

Liquid Diet

is a diet that mostly consists of liquids, or soft foods that melt at room temperature (such as gelatin and ice cream)

Soft Diet and Mechanical Soft Diet

have a smoother consistency than regular foods. They require very little or no chewing at all to swallow

Pureed Diet

may be necessary if you have trouble chewing and/or swallowing solid food; all food has been ground, pressed and/or strained to a consistency of a soft, smooth, thick paste (similar to baby food)

Force Fluids (FF)

to give more liquid

Restrict Fluids (RF)

to give less liquid

NPO

Nothing by Mouth

Dehydration

when a person does not have enough fluid in the body

Fluid Overload

when the body cannot handle the fluid

Edema

swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

Nectar Thick

consistency is thicker than water

Honey Thick

consistency has the thickness of honey

Pudding Think

liquids have become semi-solid, much like pudding

Aspiration

inhaling food, fluid, or foreign materials into the lungs

Hyperalimentation or total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

administration of nutrients by intravenous feeding, especially to individuals unable to take in food through the alimentary tract

Nasogastric Tube

a feeding tube that is inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube

a feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach

Gastrostomy

surgically-created opening into the stomach that allows insertion of a tube