social perception

halo effect

one positive trait clouding all judgement

horns effect

perceptions are made from a negative characteristic

perceptual defence

screening out information that we find perceptually threatening

self-fulfilling prophecy

when an original expectation leads to its confirmation due to the behaviour of the believer

fundamental attribution error

overestimate personal characteristics for others’ behaviour and underestimate situational factors

actor-observer bias

we explain our own behaviour using situations but others’ using personality

perceptual defence

ignoring or avoiding information that conflicts with beliefs

central tendency error

rating everyone as average when certain employees clearly perform better or worse