Cram Packet 1914 to Present

These flashcards cover significant vocabulary related to the historical themes discussed in the lecture, incorporating terms related to globalization, wars, nationalism, and social movements.

Globalization

The process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Americanization

The influence of American culture and business on other countries, which often includes consumerism and values perception.

Crimes against humanity

A category of international law violations that includes widespread or systematic attacks against civilians, such as genocide and war crimes.

Cold War

A period of political tension between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II, characterized by ideological conflict and nuclear arms race.

Nuclear Weaponry

Weapons that use nuclear reactions to produce explosive energy, central to the global balance of power during the Cold War.

Decolonization

The process through which colonies gained independence from colonial powers throughout the 20th century, leading to the establishment of new nations.

Civilian casualties

Non-military persons who are killed or injured during conflict or warfare, particularly emphasized in World War II.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to the desire for independence or self-governance.

Mahatma Gandhi

A leader during India's struggle for independence, known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance (Ahimsa) to British rule.

Proletariat

The working class who sell their labor for wages, particularly in the context of Marxist theory regarding class conflict.

Social Darwinism

A belief that the social order is a product of natural selection, often used to justify imperialism and discrimination.

Feminism

The advocacy of women's rights and equality, which gained significant momentum in the 20th century, impacting social roles and policies.

Pan-African movement

A worldwide intellectual movement that aims to strengthen bonds between all people of African ancestry, often focusing on independence and unity.

Apartheid

A policy of systematic racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa until the early 1990s.

Totalitarian state

A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Economic free trade zone

Regions where trade barriers are reduced or eliminated, aimed at encouraging trade and economic growth.

Independence movements

Campaigns by various groups seeking to gain political autonomy and self-governance from colonial rule.

Coup d'état

A sudden overthrow of a government, often executed by a small group of individuals, typically military leaders.