NPTE Prep Course Lecture Review

Vocabulary and terminology flashcards covering Orthopedics, Neurology, and Cardiopulmonary physical therapy concepts for exam preparation.

Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Score 1

Indicates Total Assistance is required, meaning the patient performs less than $25\%$ of the task.

ASIA Impairment Scale Category A

A complete spinal cord injury where no sensory or motor function is preserved in the sacral segments $S4-S5$.

ASIA Impairment Scale Category D

An incomplete motor impairment where at least half of the key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of $3$ or higher.

Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) Score 4

Indicates the affected part is rigid in flexion or extension.

Timed Up and Go (TUG) High Fall Risk

A score of greater than $30\,s$, which indicates impaired mobility.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Moderate TBI

A total score ranging from $9$ to $12$ based on eye, motor, and verbal responses.

Rancho Los Amigos Level 4

The Confused-Inappropriate stage where the patient responds to simple commands but is non-purposeful and lacks focus with complex commands.

Oswestry Disability Index Severe Disability

A score between $41-60\%$ representing permanent functional disability.

Babinski Reflex (Abnormal)

Dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the small toes upon stimulation of the lateral sole, signifying a corticospinal or UMN lesion.

Bulbocavernosus Reflex

Anal sphincter contraction in response to stimulation of the glans penis or pulling a Foley catheter; its return indicates the end of spinal shock ($S2-S4$).

Spinal Nerve Exit Rule

Cervical nerves exit above their corresponding vertebrae, while thoracic and lumbar nerves exit below.

Ape Hand Deformity

Wasting of the thenar eminence and inability to oppose the thumb due to a median nerve lesion at the wrist.

Hand of Benediction

An inability to flex the pointer, middle, and thumb fingers when attempting to make a fist, indicating a median nerve lesion at or above the elbow.

Anterior Innominate Rotation (Long Sitting Test)

Indicated when a leg appears longer in supine and shorter in a sitting position ($ALPS$ mnemonic).

Concave-Convex Rule

States that when a concave surface moves on a convex surface, the roll and glide occur in the same direction; if convex on concave, they occur in opposite directions.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single normal respiratory cycle, typically $300-500\,ml$.

FEV1 Normal Value

The amount of air exhaled in the first second of a forced vital capacity test, which should be greater than $70\%$.

S1 Heart Sound

Referred to as 'Lub,' created by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid (AV) valves at the onset of systole.

S3 Heart Sound

A ventricular gallop associated with Congestive Heart Failure ($CHF$) that occurs during ventricular filling after the AV valves open.

ECG P wave

Represents atrial depolarization or contraction.

Atrial Flutter (ECG)

Characterized by sawtooth-shaped P waves; exercise should be stopped and the patient referred.

Stage 1 Hypertension

A blood pressure reading of $130-139$ systolic or $80-89$ diastolic.

DCML (Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus)

The ascending tract responsible for fine touch, vibration, and proprioception; it decussates at the medulla.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A medical emergency for patients with SCI at or above $T6$ involving acute hypertension and bradycardia due to sympathetic disruption.

Integrated STNR Reflex

The Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex, where head flexion causes UE flexion and LE extension; it typically integrates by $8-12$ months.

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) Normal

A ratio ranging from $0.95$ to $1.19$ calculated using Doppler ultrasound.

Pressure Ulcer Stage 3

Full thickness tissue loss where subcutaneous fat is visible, but bone, tendon, or muscle are not exposed.

Rule of Nines (Adult Head)

Allocates $9\%$ of total body surface area to the head in adults, compared to $17\%$ in children.

Addison Disease

Hypofunction of the adrenal gland.

Hypokalemia (ECG Findings)

Metabolic change resulting in a flat or inverted T wave, prominent U wave, and ST segment depression.